# Encyclopaedia Iranica and Britannica state that the century of Zarathushtra is high-uncertainty

Date: 2009

## The fact

Iranica’s 2009 general survey states that one does not know when and where he lived, and that proposed dates range widely. Britannica refuses a precise birth year. Fake-precision in school timelines is a knowledge-harm. This catalog stores the gap instead of a fake year.

## Context

High confidence on the uncertainty. Do not put a 628 BCE or 1700 BCE birth Fact in the date field as if it were a civil file.

[Zoroaster](/people/zoroaster) is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

## Evidence and sources

Official heritage, encyclopedia, or public Avesta pages and an independent publisher independently describe this instrument.

Official or archival record: Encyclopaedia Iranica — Zoroaster ii. General survey (https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/zoroaster-ii-general-survey/; Encyclopaedia Iranica).

## Significance

An Iranica warning is not a birthday.

An Iranica warning is not a birthday.

## What is established and what is not

Established as a dated public record of this instrument.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.
Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. The attached driver is edu-[digital-learning-access](/drivers/edu-digital-learning-access). The welfare reading used in this dossier is worsening. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

## People

- Zoroaster: https://factrail.ai/people/zoroaster

## Drivers

- Digital Learning Access: https://factrail.ai/drivers/edu-digital-learning-access

## Sources

- https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/zoroaster-ii-general-survey/
- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zarathustra

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/zo-century-uncertainty-gap