# Nineteenth-century Orientalist-and-Parsi print industrialises Avestan English

Date: 1898

## The fact

Darmesteter and related print programmes are a completed industrial-scholarly product. Twin of Aryanist harm: this stores cheap Avestan English as industrial knowledge policy.

## Context

Print can racialise and can open. Split 1890 misuse.

[Zoroaster](/people/zoroaster) is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

## Evidence and sources

Official heritage, encyclopedia, or public Avesta pages and an independent publisher independently describe this instrument.

Official or archival record: The Zend-Avesta (Darmesteter) — public-domain English (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/17921; Project Gutenberg).

## Significance

An 1898 translation factory is not a Sasanian scriptorium.

## What is established and what is not

Established as a dated public record of this instrument.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.
Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. The attached driver is [industrial-policy-activism](/drivers/industrial-policy-activism). The welfare reading used in this dossier is improving. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here. Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. The attached driver is industrial-policy-activism. The welfare reading used in this dossier is improving. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

## People

- Zoroaster: https://factrail.ai/people/zoroaster

## Drivers

- Industrial-Policy Activism: https://factrail.ai/drivers/industrial-policy-activism

## Sources

- https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/17921
- https://www.loc.gov/

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/zo-industrial-print-avesta