# Abdel Fattah el-Sisi

## Identity and office

Abdel Fattah el-Sisi has been president of Egypt since 8 June 2014, after de facto security command from 3 July 2013 as defence minister. He remains supreme commander. He does not write an HRW chapter. He did sit at the top of the 2013 security chain HRW named.

Do not open with a Suez channel. The ouster file is dated. On 3 July 2013 he announced Morsi’s removal on television ([BBC](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-23173794)). Morsi is named. He is not minted.

The force file is an HRW product. On 14 August 2013 police and army cleared Rab’a. HRW identified 817 dead at that square and said the true total is more likely at least 1,000 ([All According to Plan](https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/08/12/all-according-plan/raba-massacre-and-mass-killings-protesters-egypt)). It named then-Defence Minister Sisi in the chain of command. NCHR printed 624 civilians. Official Health Ministry counts sat lower. Beblawy later said “close to 1,000” for Rab’a and al-Nahda. This page stores the disagreement.

The clock file is official. The National Election Authority recorded 88.8 percent yes and 44.3 percent turnout on the April 2019 amendments that extend terms to six years and allow a further run toward 2030 ([BBC](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-48035512)).

The ballot file is official. NEA Decision 39 of 2023, as published in the Official Gazette, declared 39,702,451 votes (89.6 percent) on 18 December 2023 after the 10–12 December poll, turnout 66.8 percent ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/results-due-egypt-election-with-sisi-expected-sweep-third-term-2023-12-18/)). Ahmed al-Tantawy is unresolved.

## Documented benefits

The offsets that a commissioned-positive portrait would lead with are real only where dated, and they are not this assignment’s through-line. A Suez expansion, Takaful transfers, and a New Administrative Capital are neighbouring files. They are not a rebate of 14 August 2013.

## Contributions and limits of responsibility

He announced the ouster. HRW named him in the Rab’a chain of command. He ran and was certified in 2014, 2018, and 2023. The Interior Ministry executed. NEA tabulated. Sharing execution is not a reason to drop 14 August 2013. It is a reason not to invent a unique death total as Contribution.size.

## Causal chain through facts

The 2013 ouster and Rab’a strengthen the owned military-presidency driver and weaken [civic space](/drivers/civic-space). The 2019 reset and 2023 89.6 percent return strengthen the owned driver and weaken electoral integrity. They do not hang on ukraine-war, eastern-drc-m23-rdf, [territorial-revisionism](/drivers/territorial-revisionism), or Soviet [state-repression](/drivers/state-repression). Morsi and Tantawy remain names, not minted pages.

## What the score does not say

This page does not promise an exact Rab’a census. Direction on this chain is negative: the documented instruments are a military ouster, a mass killing HRW recorded, a term-clock reset, and a 89.6 percent return. A later genuine contest would be a different fact with a different date.

## Dated facts

- 2023: NEA declares Sisi winner with 89.6 percent; no serious challenger on the ballot. https://factrail.ai/facts/eg-sisi-election-2023. Sources: https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/results-due-egypt-election-with-sisi-expected-sweep-third-term-2023-12-18/, https://www.cairo24.com/1922009.
- 2019: Referendum approves amendments resetting Sisi’s term clock toward 2030. https://factrail.ai/facts/eg-sisi-constitution-2019. Sources: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-48035512, https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/330131.aspx.
- 2013: Security forces clear the Rab’a sit-in; HRW identifies 817 dead. https://factrail.ai/facts/eg-sisi-rabaa-2013. Sources: https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/08/12/all-according-plan/raba-massacre-and-mass-killings-protesters-egypt, https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/rights-groups-call-accountability-over-2013-egypt-sit-in-killings-2023-08-14/.
- 2013: Defence Minister Sisi announces the removal of President Mohamed Morsi. https://factrail.ai/facts/eg-sisi-coup-2013. Sources: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-protests-idUSBRE95Q0NO20130703/, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-23173794.

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/people/abdel-fattah-el-sisi