# Avicenna The first fact about Avicenna is a source limit. The richest Arabic is medieval and court-made; the richest dates a modern catalog can store without inventing an eleventh-century timestamp are later: Latin incunables, a Medicean Arabic press, English Book I, library catalogues, a Princeton faculty study, UNESCO files, and a Hamadan museum-tomb. Treating the Canon as a tape of 1025 is naive. Treating Avicennian medicine as only later abuse is evasive. Gruner’s 1930 Canon Book I, scanned at https://archive.org/details/AvicennasCanonOfMedicine , prints venesection, evacuation, and humoral crisis as ordinary therapy. The same physiology can be cited against preventive inoculation. Siraisi’s 1987 Princeton monograph at https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691601441/avicenna-in-renaissance-italy documents Italian faculties that locked the Latin Canon into lectures and examinations, a teaching monopoly that crowded rival anatomy and chemistry. CERL’s ISTC at https://data.cerl.org/istc/ia01417700 and https://data.cerl.org/istc/ia01418000 shows how expensive those folios were. UNESCO’s 2005 Memory of the World file at https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/medieval-manuscripts-medicine-and-pharmacy lists Book II pharmacy manuscripts; a listed simple can be copied as a living recipe, including contested minerals. Gohlman’s 1974 Life at https://sunypress.edu/Books/T/The-Life-of-Ibn-Sina prints a court physician’s household, patrons, imprisonments, and unfree surround. Stanford’s Ibn Sina entry, first published 15 September 2016 at https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ibn-sina/ , with https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ibn-sina-metaphysics/ and https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/al-ghazali/ , prints prophet-legislator politics and the later Avicennism-kalam polarisation. The offsets are also dated. The 12 February 1473 Milan Latin Canon and the 1476 Padua Herbort folio put the encyclopedia into type. The 1593 Typographia Medicea Arabic, now at https://wellcomecollection.org/works/n94uwhrk , is industrial policy for a scientific book. Wellcome MS Arabic 155 at https://wellcomecollection.org/works/wuwth5sx is a complete 1632 Isfahan copy in a public-domain library. NLM’s 1994 exhibition page at https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/islamic_medical/islamic_07.html and the exhibition home at https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/islamic_medical/islamic_00.html teach the Canon as history of medicine, including a complete Arabic witness. The James Lind Library at https://www.jameslindlibrary.org/articles/ibn-sinas-canon-of-medicine-11th-century-rules-for-assessing-the-effects-of-drugs/ and the PMC twin at https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2642865/ print drug-assessment rules as an observational method heading. Van Riet’s Avicenna Latinus, from 1968, at https://brill.com/display/serial/ALAT , is a critical-Latin factory. British Library Harley MS 5680 at https://searcharchives.bl.uk/catalog/040-003948071 preserves a 1479 Hebrew Canon, a minority-language path. The 1954 Hamadan mausoleum-museum, as presented at https://www.visitiran.ir/en/attraction/tomb-of-avicenna and in UNESCO’s 2004 ethics volume at https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000134475 , is a public knowledge monument. The 2003 UNESCO Avicenna Prize at https://www.unesco.org/en/prizes/avicenna-prize-science-ethics is an intergovernmental ethics instrument. Britannica at https://www.britannica.com/biography/Avicenna and Iranica at https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/avicenna-index independently frame the identity. The Met Heilbrunn book-arts essay at https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/book/hd_book.htm opens the manuscript culture that carried the name. What the score must not say: that Avicenna signed a 1473 colophon; that 1987 Siraisi is a 1025 lecture; that drug-testing rules are the Declaration of Helsinki; that venesection is only ‘of its time’ and therefore not a Fact; that a UNESCO prize washes depletion; that a unique modern casualty series can be back-dated without a measured argument. Complex contribution is the honest type. Confidence is high on 1473–2005 printings, catalogues, and agency acts, medium on later coefficients from humoral therapy onto any one clinic, low on reconstructing lost personal case-notes as a register. 1930 English is not 1025. 1473 is a printer. 1593 is a Medicean press. 2003 is UNESCO. Off-family indicator padding is refused. Related people are Greek medical ancestors, court patrons, Andalusian and Latin interlocutors, and later health-office holders who inherit a faculty vocabulary. They will be created as identities where missing. The useful question is not whether Ibn Sina is the prince of physicians. It is which dated later instruments still move faculties, pharmacies, rights, and commemorations, and how much of that movement can be attributed to a Persian court name without invention. ## Dated facts - 2016: The Stanford Encyclopedia publishes a citable public English entry on Ibn Sina. https://factrail.ai/facts/av-sep-ibn-sina-2016. Sources: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ibn-sina/, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Avicenna. - 2016: SEP prints Avicenna’s prophet-legislator as the political peak of the Shifa. https://factrail.ai/facts/av-prophet-legislator-shifa. Sources: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ibn-sina-metaphysics/, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ibn-sina/. - 2016: SEP’s Ibn Sina and Ghazali entries print the later Avicennism-versus-kalam polarisation. https://factrail.ai/facts/av-ghazali-incoherence-sep. Sources: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/al-ghazali/, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ibn-sina/. - 2007: James Lind and PMC commentaries print the Canon’s observational rules as a case-writing method. https://factrail.ai/facts/av-observational-case-method. Sources: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2642865/, https://www.jameslindlibrary.org/articles/ibn-sinas-canon-of-medicine-11th-century-rules-for-assessing-the-effects-of-drugs/. - 2007: The James Lind Library publishes Ibn Sina’s Canon rules for assessing the effects of drugs. https://factrail.ai/facts/av-james-lind-drug-rules-2007. Sources: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2642865/, https://www.jameslindlibrary.org/articles/ibn-sinas-canon-of-medicine-11th-century-rules-for-assessing-the-effects-of-drugs/. - 2005: UNESCO Memory of the World lists Canon-related medical manuscripts for conservation and access. https://factrail.ai/facts/av-memory-world-2005-access. Sources: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Avicenna, https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/medieval-manuscripts-medicine-and-pharmacy. - UNESCO’s 2005 pharmacy-manuscript listing feeds later industrial Unani branding of the Canon. https://factrail.ai/facts/av-unani-industrial-heading. Sources: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3558117/, https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/medieval-manuscripts-medicine-and-pharmacy. - 2005: UNESCO Memory of the World inscribes a Canon Book II manuscript as pharmacy heritage. https://factrail.ai/facts/av-unesco-book2-pharmacology-2005. Sources: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/islamic_medical/islamic_07.html, https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/medieval-manuscripts-medicine-and-pharmacy. - 2003: UNESCO’s Executive Board establishes the Avicenna Prize for Ethics in Science. https://factrail.ai/facts/av-unesco-prize-2003. Sources: https://www.unesco.org/en/prizes/avicenna-prize-science-ethics, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000134475. - 2001: The Met Heilbrunn Timeline publishes a public essay on the art of the book in the Islamic world. https://factrail.ai/facts/av-met-islamic-book-toah. Sources: https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/book/hd_book.htm, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Avicenna. - 1994: The U.S. National Library of Medicine publishes a public Canon page in Islamic Culture and the Medical Arts. https://factrail.ai/facts/av-nlm-islamic-medical-1994. Sources: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/islamic_medical/islamic_00.html, https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/islamic_medical/islamic_07.html. - 1987: Siraisi documents Canon-centred examinations that closed the medical labour market. https://factrail.ai/facts/av-faculty-exam-canon-guild. Sources: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3558117/, https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691609492/avicenna-in-renaissance-italy. ## Methodology https://factrail.ai/methodology Canonical: https://factrail.ai/people/avicenna