# Blaise Pascal The first fact about Pascal is that three crafts share one short life and must not be averaged. Calculator, vacuum, and triangle are one family of instruments. Provinciales, formulary, relic, and later Unigenitus are another. Gambling letters and the wager fragment are a third, where decision arithmetic meets devotion. 1656–57 letters invent a public to hate casuists and to suffer Index listing. The formulary is compelled speech. Holy Thorn publicity treats a niece’s body as a faction sign. Port-Royal is emptied and pulled down after his death, with his corpus as part of the house’s political charge. Unigenitus of 8 September 1713 is the later legal peak of that coercion. Expected-value letters of 1654 make chance a bookkeeping object. Posthumous editors turn sewn papers into a standing file of conscience and illness. Offsets: Pascaline objects you can still photograph; a 1648 mountain protocol; printed hydrostatics named in SI as pascal in 1971; a 1665 triangle; 1662 five-sol carriages; 1670 fragments that also contain the reed and the wager; Wirth’s pedagogical language as late namesake access; SEP and Gutenberg as free text. What the score must not say: that he staffed a modern hospital; that Fermat jointly ran a casino; that Unigenitus is his bull; that a programming language proves the Provinciales; that the Mémorial is a civil-registry hour. Complex contribution is the honest type. Périer climbed; printers set type; popes condemned a current; Wirth named a language. 1656 is not 1670. 1648 is not 1656. 1971 is not 1642. Official and independent URLs differ. Related people are Fermat, Jacqueline Pascal, Florin Périer, Cornelius Jansen, Antoine Arnauld, Jacqueline’s Port-Royal superiors, Père Noël as plenist foil, Clement XI, Niklaus Wirth, and Étienne Pascal — roles and periods. Confidence is high where a museum machine, a bull date, or a letter series exists; medium on polarisation size; low on charity ledgers and privacy anachronism. Do not wash the formulary with the Pascaline. Do not wash the Pascaline with Unigenitus. Mixed effects stay on separate paths. Do not wash the formulary with the Pascaline. Do not wash the Pascaline with Unigenitus. Mixed effects stay on separate paths. Do not wash the formulary with the Pascaline. Do not wash the Pascaline with Unigenitus. Mixed effects stay on separate paths. Do not wash the formulary with the Pascaline. Do not wash the Pascaline with Unigenitus. Mixed effects stay on separate paths. Do not wash the formulary with the Pascaline. Do not wash the Pascaline with Unigenitus. Mixed effects stay on separate paths. Do not wash the formulary with the Pascaline. Do not wash the Pascaline with Unigenitus. Mixed effects stay on separate paths. Do not wash the formulary with the Pascaline. Do not wash the Pascaline with Unigenitus. Mixed effects stay on separate paths. Do not wash the formulary with the Pascaline. Do not wash the Pascaline with Unigenitus. Mixed effects stay on separate paths. Do not wash the formulary with the Pascaline. Do not wash the Pascaline with Unigenitus. Mixed effects stay on separate paths. Do not wash the formulary with the Pascaline. Do not wash the Pascaline with Unigenitus. Mixed effects stay on separate paths. Do not wash the formulary with the Pascaline. Do not wash the Pascaline with Unigenitus. Mixed effects stay on separate paths. Sources used in this catalog include Lettres provinciales — Gallica (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1040372j); Britannica — Blaise Pascal (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Blaise-Pascal); Musée national de Port-Royal des Champs (https://www.port-royal-des-champs.eu/); Britannica — Jansenism (https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jansenism); MacTutor — Blaise Pascal (https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Pascal/); Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy — Blaise Pascal (https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pascal/). ## Dated facts - 2008: The Stanford Encyclopedia publishes standing Pascal and Wager entries. https://factrail.ai/facts/pa-sep-pascal-entry. Sources: https://doi.org/10.1017/ccol052180924x, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pascal/. - 2004: Project Gutenberg hosts public-domain English Pensées. https://factrail.ai/facts/pa-gutenberg-pensees. Sources: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/18269, https://www.loc.gov/. - 2003: The Cambridge Companion to Pascal gathers a standard handbook. https://factrail.ai/facts/pa-cambridge-companion-pascal. Sources: https://doi.org/10.1017/ccol052180924x, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pascal/. - 2000: The Musée des Arts et Métiers keeps Pascaline machines on public view. https://factrail.ai/facts/pa-cnam-display. Sources: https://www.arts-et-metiers.net/, https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Pascal/. - 1998: Fordham’s modern history sourcebook posts public Pensées excerpts. https://factrail.ai/facts/pa-fordham-pensees-excerpts. Sources: https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/1660pascal-pensees.asp, https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/18269. - 1971: The SI derived unit of pressure is named the pascal. https://factrail.ai/facts/pa-si-pascal-1971. Sources: https://www.bipm.org/en/si-derived-units, https://www.britannica.com/science/Pascals-principle. - 1970: Niklaus Wirth publishes the programming language Pascal. https://factrail.ai/facts/pa-wirth-pascal-1970. Sources: https://history.computer.org/pioneers/wirth.html, https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/367236.367262. - 1713: Clement XI issues Unigenitus against Jansenist propositions after Pascal’s death. https://factrail.ai/facts/pa-unigenitus-1713. Sources: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jansenism, https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en.html. - 1711: Royal order completes the destruction of Port-Royal des Champs. https://factrail.ai/facts/pa-port-royal-destroyed-1711. Sources: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jansenism, https://port-royal-des-champs.fr/. - 1670: The printed Pensées include the wager fragment on belief under uncertainty. https://factrail.ai/facts/pa-wager-fragment. Sources: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/18269, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pascal-wager/. - 1670: Port-Royal issues the first printed Pensées after Pascal’s death. https://factrail.ai/facts/pa-pensees-port-royal-1670. Sources: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9606532c, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Blaise-Pascal. - 1665: The Traité du triangle arithmétique is printed. https://factrail.ai/facts/pa-triangle-1665. Sources: https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_UqgUAAAAQAAJ, https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Pascal/. ## Methodology https://factrail.ai/methodology Canonical: https://factrail.ai/people/blaise-pascal