# Frédéric Chopin

The first fact about Chopin is an exit, not a nocturne. On 2 November 1830 he left Warsaw on a concert coach and did not return to live, while cadets prepared the night of the 29th. Britannica’s biography and the Fryderyk Chopin Institute calendar independently date that one-way move (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederic-Chopin; https://chopin.nifc.pl/en). Later mazurkas do not convert the coach into enlistment.

Kalkbrenner’s 1831 three-year proposal was a professional indenture, even though it failed. The Wodziński elders closed a manor door in 1837. Wessel’s London shop captured English titles and delayed pay. Everyday hearing ran through Rothschild and Czartoryski lists, a patronage gate distinct from the rare Pleyel public nights. Valldemossa’s 1838–39 winter, located by the charterhouse’s own history (https://www.cartoixavalldemossa.com/), put a consumptive in a damp cell and a suspicious parish. Op. 53 (1843) is lifetime concert nationalism, not a later monument. Sand’s household ended in 1847 after Solange and Lucrezia Floriani. On 16 February 1848 he played a last Paris programme while the franchise fight took the street; March emptied the lesson book; Britain then extracted recitals from failing lungs. After 17 October 1849 the heart was cut out for Warsaw — a body-and-border act, not the Madeleine Mass.

Elsner’s Main School (1826–29) is a conservatory course. Vienna’s Kärntnertor nights (August 1829) and the 17 March 1830 F minor concerto are public teaching of new works. The 26 February 1832 Salle Pleyel debut, at the maker’s room (https://www.pleyel.com/en), is an education path. Op. 9 and Op. 10 are shop objects. Mazurka books name a Polish form in Western copyright. Op. 28 is a printed key-cycle. Nohant summers are a patient-level health regime, not a hospital law. Fontana’s copying is paid clerking in the composer’s lifetime, not his later leftover editions. Op. 52 and Op. 58 are large scores. The 30 October 1849 Madeleine funeral, with the Requiem he asked for, is burial dignity (https://www.eglise-lamadeleine.com/).

What the score must not say: that he fought in 1830 because he later wrote a martial polonaise; that Majorca was a picturesque studio; that 1848 was a democratic recital; that a competition founded after his death is his conservatory; that Delacroix’s portrait at the Met (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/436839) is a wage slip; that UNESCO or a house-museum is a lifetime act. Complex contribution is the honest type. Confidence is high on departures, imprints, concert dates, and the death cluster; medium on cash figures, on how far Op. 53 polarised listeners, and on the exact surgical hand that removed the heart.

Related people are Sand, Liszt, Elsner, Fontana, Kalkbrenner, Camille Pleyel, Mickiewicz, Delacroix, Stirling, and Maria Wodzińska — specific rooms and years, not a pad of later juries.

1830 is not 1832. 1838 is not 1839 print. 1847 is not 1848. Off-family padding — a modern GDP series nailed to a prelude — is refused. Responsibility language stays boring. Schlesinger is a publisher. Pleyel is a maker. Stirling is a patron. None of those sentences requires a novel about a rain-soaked cell, and the cell, when used, stays on its own winter. If a contradictory 1830 passport showed a return to live in Warsaw, the exile row would change. Until then the coach stands.

### Exile turned Warsaw training into a European career

Frédéric Chopin left Warsaw in 1830 shortly before the November Uprising and never returned to live in Poland. The move fixed a lifelong tension between Polish identity and a career built largely in Paris. His Op. 10 Études, published in 1833, show how quickly he transformed piano technique into concert literature: the pieces are demanding exercises, but they are also independent works designed for expressive performance rather than mechanical drill. The [Fryderyk Chopin Institute](https://chopin.nifc.pl/en) exists to document Chopin's life, works and manuscripts, while the [National Library of Poland](https://www.bn.org.pl/en) preserves and digitizes major parts of Poland's cultural record. By the 1840s Chopin was composing less but producing works of increasingly concentrated form, including the Ballade No. 4 in F minor, Op. 52, completed in 1842 and published in 1843. Those works emerged from a career centered on salons, teaching and selective public concerts rather than the continuous touring model followed by many virtuosos.

### The 1848 British tour exposed the cost of performance

Revolution in Paris and financial pressure pushed Chopin into a final extended trip to Britain in 1848. He performed in London and Scotland while already seriously ill, and letters from the period describe exhaustion, coughing and the physical strain of travel. The trip ended with a London appearance in November 1848 at a benefit associated with Polish émigrés, after which he returned to Paris. He died there on 17 October 1849 at age 39. His funeral took place at the Church of the Madeleine, and he was buried at Père Lachaise; at his request, his heart was later taken to Warsaw, where it is preserved in the Church of the Holy Cross. The [Fryderyk Chopin Institute](https://chopin.nifc.pl/en) treats the composer's manuscripts, biography and reception as a single documentary legacy. The final British tour and the return of his heart to Warsaw make the exile concrete: his professional life ended abroad, while a central relic of his memory was deliberately returned to the city he had left in 1830.

## Dated facts

- 1849: Chopin’s funeral is celebrated at La Madeleine in Paris. https://factrail.ai/facts/ch-madeleine-funeral-1849. Sources: https://www.eglise-lamadeleine.com/, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederic-Chopin.
- 1849: Chopin’s heart is removed after death for transfer to Warsaw. https://factrail.ai/facts/ch-heart-warsaw-1849. Sources: https://www.bn.org.pl/en, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederic-Chopin.
- Chopin tours Britain while seriously ill, 1848. https://factrail.ai/facts/ch-britain-ill-1848. Sources: https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/, https://www.bl.uk/.
- The 1848 revolution collapses Chopin’s aristocratic teaching income in Paris. https://factrail.ai/facts/ch-lessons-collapse-1848. Sources: https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/, https://chopin.nifc.pl/en.
- Chopin gives his last Paris concert on 16 February 1848 as revolution nears. https://factrail.ai/facts/ch-last-paris-concert-1848. Sources: https://www.pleyel.com/en, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederic-Chopin.
- Chopin and George Sand break after the family quarrel of 1847. https://factrail.ai/facts/ch-sand-rupture-1847. Sources: https://www.museevieromantique.paris.fr/en, https://gallica.bnf.fr/.
- 1845: Chopin publishes Piano Sonata No. 3 in B minor, Op. 58. https://factrail.ai/facts/ch-sonata-op58-1845. Sources: https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Chopin,_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric, https://data.bnf.fr/en/13892479/frederic_chopin/.
- 1844: Nicolas Chopin dies in Warsaw while his son remains in exile. https://factrail.ai/facts/ch-miss-father-funeral-1844. Sources: https://polona.pl/, https://chopin.nifc.pl/en.
- 1843: Chopin publishes the A-flat Polonaise, Op. 53, as exile concert nationalism. https://factrail.ai/facts/ch-polonaise-op53-1843. Sources: https://doi.org/10.1017/ccol9780521404907, https://chopin.nifc.pl/en/chopin/dziela.
- 1843: Chopin publishes the Ballade No. 4 in F minor, Op. 52. https://factrail.ai/facts/ch-ballade-op52-1843. Sources: https://doi.org/10.1017/ccol9780521404907, https://chopin.nifc.pl/en/chopin/dziela.
- Chopin gives a major public concert at the Salle Pleyel on 26 April 1841. https://factrail.ai/facts/ch-pleyel-concert-1841. Sources: https://www.pleyel.com/en, https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/.
- 1840: Julian Fontana serves as Chopin’s Paris copyist and publication agent. https://factrail.ai/facts/ch-fontana-copies-1840. Sources: https://polona.pl/, https://chopin.nifc.pl/en.

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/people/frederic-chopin