# Giorgia Meloni ## The power she actually held Giorgia Meloni has been Prime Minister of Italy since 22 October 2022. As of August 2026 she still holds the post. Article 95 of the Constitution makes her responsible for the general policy of the government. It does not make her the author of an Albanian court judgment or of a Commission regulation. ## What went wrong, and what is proven The sharpest migration-rights cost is the [Italy–Albania protocol](/facts/mig-fact-italy-albania-protocol) of 6 November 2023. Meloni signed with Edi Rama. Italian and Albanian courts later blocked or emptied the centres. She is not the Albanian constitutional court. She is the Italian principal who signed. The [Cutro decree](/facts/it-cutro-decree-2023) after the 26 February 2023 shipwreck tightened special protection and NGO rules. The [Piantedosi NGO code](/facts/it-piantedosi-ngo-code-2023) is a dated sea-rescue constraint. The [rave decree](/facts/it-rave-decree-2022) is a completed public-order instrument. [Same-sex parenting circulars](/facts/it-same-sex-parenting-2023) instructed prefects to stop registering non-biological same-sex parents. The [universal surrogacy ban](/facts/it-surrogacy-universal-ban-2024) criminalises the practice even when done abroad. [Differentiated autonomy](/facts/it-differentiated-autonomy-2024) is a completed regional-power statute with fiscal-equity costs. The Stabilicum majority-bonus electoral bill passed the Chamber in July 2026. The [Nordio justice reform](/facts/it-nordio-justice-reform-2024) later lost a 2026 referendum. Ending [citizenship income](/facts/it-citizenship-income-end-2023) is a dated social-transfer cut, with a successor inclusion scheme stored separately as an offset. ## What improved, and how far The [22 October 2022 oath](/facts/it-meloni-oath-2022) followed a [certified election](/facts/it-election-2022). [NRRP instalments](/facts/it-nrp-instalment-2023) are dated recovery-fund receipts. [Ukraine military support](/facts/it-ukraine-military-aid-2023) is a completed Council-of-Ministers path. The [Mattei Plan](/facts/it-mattei-plan-2024) is a dated Africa-energy diplomacy instrument. [G7 Apulia](/facts/it-g7-apulia-2024) is a completed chairmanship. The [Inclusion Allowance](/facts/it-inclusion-allowance-2023) replaced citizenship income with a narrower work-conditioned transfer. [Tax-wedge cuts](/facts/it-tax-wedge-cut-2024) are a dated labour-cost instrument. ## Shared responsibility, and what the score does not say The score does not say that every later landing is a personal drowning count. It does not say that an NRRP euro rebates Cutro. It does not convert a Chamber vote into a Senate law. Confidence is high on gazettes and protocols, and medium where prefects, coastguards, and later welfare series sit between a signature and an indicator. Related news and analysis are the Ukraine, tariff, and sanctions cluster already in production. A premier is powerful enough to own those decrees. She is not powerful enough to be the unique author of an Albanian court or of a Commission regulation, and the dossier keeps that line visible. The 2023 migration cluster is several dated instruments, not one mood. Cutro, the NGO code, and Albania are different texts. Treat them as texts. Treat NRRP as a receipt. If those distinctions feel pedantic, they are the alternative to a rally and the alternative to a cartoon. Official carriers include the Presidency of the Council (https://www.governo.it/) and the Official Gazette (https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/). The 2026 Stabilicum vote and the Nordio referendum are not the same civic event. One is a Chamber majority-bonus bill. The other is a popular rejection of a constitutional justice redesign. Treat them as separate dates. Treat the Inclusion Allowance as a narrower successor, not as a secret rebate of the citizenship-income cut. Treat Algeria gas and Adriatic production as energy files, not as a temperament. A premier who lasts from 2022 into 2026 is still scored as gazettes, not as a personality. That is the whole point of keeping Cutro off the G7 photograph and the G7 photograph off the Albania protocol. ## Dated facts - 2026: Chamber approves the Stabilicum majority-bonus electoral bill. https://factrail.ai/facts/it-stabilicum-2026. Sources: https://www.politico.eu/article/giorgia-meloni-election-reform-italy/, https://www.camera.it/. - 2025: Italy tightens ius sanguinis citizenship for distant descendants. https://factrail.ai/facts/it-citizenship-descendants-2025. Sources: https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/italy-tightens-citizenship-descent-rules-2025-03-28/, https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/. - 2024: Italy makes surrogacy an extra-territorial offence. https://factrail.ai/facts/it-surrogacy-universal-ban-2024. Sources: https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/italy-makes-surrogacy-crime-even-if-carried-out-abroad-2024-10-16/, https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/. - 2024: Security decree-law expands public-order offences. https://factrail.ai/facts/it-security-decree-2024. Sources: https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/italy-approves-security-decree-toughening-protest-rules-2024-09-18/, https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/. - 2024: Nordio justice reform on magistrate careers is approved. https://factrail.ai/facts/it-nordio-justice-reform-2024. Sources: https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/italy-approves-justice-reform-separating-judges-prosecutors-2024/, https://www.governo.it/. - 2024: Differentiated-autonomy law is published. https://factrail.ai/facts/it-differentiated-autonomy-2024. Sources: https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/italy-passes-autonomy-law-that-opposition-says-will-widen-north-south-divide-2024-06-19/, https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2024/06/26/24G00095/sg. - 2024: Italy chairs the G7 Apulia summit. https://factrail.ai/facts/it-g7-apulia-2024. Sources: https://www.reuters.com/world/g7-leaders-meet-italy-ukraine-china-migration-agenda-2024-06-13/, https://www.g7italy.it/. - 2024: Italy launches the Mattei Plan for Africa. https://factrail.ai/facts/it-mattei-plan-2024. Sources: https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/italys-meloni-hosts-africa-summit-launch-mattei-plan-2024-01-28/, https://www.governo.it/en/articolo/italy-africa-summit-mattei-plan/24800. - 2024: Italy expands natalist bonuses in the budget. https://factrail.ai/facts/it-birth-bonus-2024. Sources: https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/italy-budget-birth-incentives-2023-12-29/, https://www.mef.gov.it/. - 2024: Italy cuts the labour tax wedge for lower and middle incomes. https://factrail.ai/facts/it-tax-wedge-cut-2024. Sources: https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/italy-cuts-tax-wedge-workers-2024-budget-2023-12-28/, https://www.mef.gov.it/. - 2023: Inclusion Allowance is instituted as successor to citizenship income. https://factrail.ai/facts/it-inclusion-allowance-2023. Sources: https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/italy-launches-new-welfare-scheme-replace-citizens-income-2023-12-29/, https://www.inps.it/. - 2023: Italy and Albania sign offshore migration protocol. https://factrail.ai/facts/mig-fact-italy-albania-protocol. Sources: https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/italy-albania-reach-deal-asylum-seekers-2023-11-06/, https://www.governo.it/it/articolo/protocollo-italia-albania/24116, https://foreignpolicy.com/2025/01/13/italy-albania-deal-migrants-eu-offshore-centers-asylum/, https://verfassungsblog.de/managing-migration-the-italian-way/. ## Methodology https://factrail.ai/methodology Canonical: https://factrail.ai/people/giorgia-meloni