# Le Corbusier The first fact about Le Corbusier is a demolition drawing. Plan Voisin (1925) proposes to erase a living right-bank Paris for eighteen towers and cars. A dossier that opens with Ronchamp’s light-wells and never opens the Voisin plates is a statue. Locators: https://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/en/ and https://www.britannica.com/biography/Le-Corbusier . BBC’s 2015 report independently summarises Vichy job-seeking and private 1940 sentences as archival extracts, not as a ministry he ran: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32546182 . The Fondation’s own controversies page exists as the institutional file: https://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/en/thematic-folder/focus-on-the-controversies-surrounding-le-corbusier/ . This catalog stores those as letters and approaches (corruption, rights), not as adjudicated ‘fascist’ verdicts and not as 2015 acts. Plan Obus over Algiers, Saint-Dié’s refused rasura, Chandigarh’s village clearance, Pessac’s inhabited revolt, and Perriand’s credit are distinct instruments. Palace of Soviets and Centrosoyuz are Moscow on paper and in béton. The offsets are real and also lifetime. Villa Savoye’s official CMN site is the house, not a listing year: https://www.villa-savoye.fr/en and the Fondation archive https://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/archive/architecture-savoye-villa-poissy-france-1928/ . Unité Marseille (14 October 1952) is housing-plus-services (health path) and also a type later cheaply copied (inequality) and a béton envelope (energy) — split, not twins. Ronchamp: https://www.collinenotredameduhaut.com/ . La Tourette: https://www.couventdelatourette.fr/ . Chandigarh Administration presents the Capitol: https://chandigarh.gov.in/ . MoMA’s artist page independently frames the oeuvre: https://www.moma.org/artists/3426 . Carpenter Center 1963 is his U.S. building. The 1966-and-later UNESCO file is not a lifetime act; a documentary 1944–1965 page may be evidence of buildings, not of a listing he filed: https://lecorbusier-worldheritage.org/en/1944-1965/ . What this page must not do: date Facts to 2016 World Heritage; treat Vichy extracts as a 2015 book’s act; treat Nehru as a draughtsman; treat Jean-nerni as a documented partner without a sourced instrument; split one Unité into cosmetic floor-Facts; treat later HLMs by others as his 1952 pour. He died 27 August 1965 off Roquebrune. Firminy’s later church completion neighbourhood is bounded. Confidence is high on titled buildings and on Plan Voisin as drawing, medium on letter extracts and on Chandigarh displacement share, low on unique kWh and unique village headcounts. Keep Voisin, Vichy, Savoye, Unité, Ronchamp, and Assembly on separate dates. Mixing them is how a prophet gets built and how a villain gets built. A note on shared authorship and on numbers. Pierre Jeanneret’s name is on villas, Pessac, and Chandigarh execution; Charlotte Perriand’s name is on the chairs; Jane Drew and Maxwell Fry’s names are on housing sectors; Xenakis’s name is on glass and on the Philips shell; Varèse’s name is on the tape. Those shares do not delete a documented lead, and they are not a reason to mint eight cosmetic floor-Facts of one Unité. Where a drawing is unbuilt (Voisin, Obus, Saint-Dié, Palace of Soviets), the instrument is still the published plan. Where a letter is private (1940), the instrument is the letter as reported, with Fondation and BBC as the public doors, not a 2015 book’s publication year as the deed. Marseille’s city portal locates the Unité as a municipal object: https://www.marseille.fr/ . Ronchamp’s association locates the hill: https://www.collinenotredameduhaut.com/ . La Tourette’s convent locates the cells: https://www.couventdelatourette.fr/ . No unique kWh series and no unique village headcount is supplied where those pages do not give one. Conventional dates preserve year-level uncertainty. That is the method: lifetime building or plan, later carrier as evidence, no museum year as the pour. ## Dated facts - 1963: Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts at Harvard, his only North American building, opens as a ramp of studios through a university. https://factrail.ai/facts/lc-carpenter-center. Sources: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Le-Corbusier, https://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/en/. - 1962: The Palace of Assembly at Chandigarh is completed as a legislative chamber under a hyperbolic tower and a vast portico. https://factrail.ai/facts/lc-chandigarh-assembly. Sources: https://chandigarh.gov.in/, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Le-Corbusier. - 1960: Sainte-Marie de La Tourette near Lyon is completed as a Dominican convent of cells, a church, and a public-accessible monastery of béton. https://factrail.ai/facts/lc-la-tourette. Sources: https://www.couventdelatourette.fr/, https://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/en/. - 1958: Philips Pavilion at Expo 58 in Brussels, Le Corbusier with Iannis Xenakis and Varèse’s Poème électronique, is a temporary electronic-spatial exhibit. https://factrail.ai/facts/lc-philips-pavilion. Sources: https://www.moma.org/artists/3426, https://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/en/. - 1955: Notre-Dame du Haut at Ronchamp is completed as a pilgrimage chapel of curved béton, light-wells, and a public hill. https://factrail.ai/facts/lc-ronchamp. Sources: https://www.collinenotredameduhaut.com/, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Le-Corbusier. - 1953: The Secretariat at Chandigarh is built as a long administrative bar of brise-soleil for a new capital’s civil service. https://factrail.ai/facts/lc-chandigarh-secretariat. Sources: https://lecorbusier-worldheritage.org/en/1944-1965/, https://chandigarh.gov.in/. - 1952: Unité d’Habitation Marseille opens with shops, a hotel corridor, and a roof kindergarten as a vertical garden-city of housing access. https://factrail.ai/facts/lc-unite-marseille-access. Sources: https://www.marseille.fr/, https://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/en/. - 1952: The Marseille Unité’s béton brute and sealed-slab type become a model of high thermal mass and isolation from street energy of mixed cities. https://factrail.ai/facts/lc-unite-energy-isolation. Sources: https://www.marseille.fr/, https://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/en/. - 1952: Unité d’Habitation, Marseille, opens as a concrete slab of stacked villas whose type later ministries copied as isolating high-rise housing. https://factrail.ai/facts/lc-high-rise-housing-split-harm. Sources: https://www.marseille.fr/, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Le-Corbusier. - 1952: Le Corbusier builds the Cabanon at Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, a 3.66 m Modulor cabin as a minimum dwelling cell. https://factrail.ai/facts/lc-cabanon. Sources: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Le-Corbusier, https://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/en/. - 1952: The Punjab and Haryana High Court at Chandigarh is completed as Le Corbusier’s first Capitol monument of parasol béton. https://factrail.ai/facts/lc-chandigarh-high-court. Sources: https://lecorbusier-worldheritage.org/en/1944-1965/, https://chandigarh.gov.in/. - 1952: Chandigarh’s Capitol and city, planned under Nehru with Le Corbusier as lead, require a new-capital clearance of villages and a high-modern administrative landscape. https://factrail.ai/facts/lc-chandigarh-displacement. Sources: https://lecorbusier-worldheritage.org/en/1944-1965/, https://chandigarh.gov.in/. ## Methodology https://factrail.ai/methodology Canonical: https://factrail.ai/people/le-corbusier