# Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno

## Identity and office

Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno has been president of Chad since 23 May 2024, after CMT and transitional titles from 20 April 2021. He remains commander. He does not write a CNDH report. Idriss Déby Itno is named as the father who died on 20 April 2021. He is not minted.

Do not open with a FACT eulogy. The succession file is dated. On 20 April 2021 army spokesman Azem Bermandoa Agouna announced Idriss Déby’s death on state television and named Mahamat president of a fifteen-general council, with an 18-month transition, a curfew, and closed borders ([Al Jazeera](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/20/chads-military-announces-new-interim-government-after-deby-death)). Under the 2018 constitution the [National Assembly](/organizations/national-assembly) speaker, Haroun Kabadi, should have acted and an election called within 45–90 days. Rivals called it a dynastic coup ([BBC](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56830510)). A charter published 21 April made the CMT president head of state and commander ([RFI](https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20210422-tchad-la-charte-qui-dessine-la-transition-consacre-les-pleins-pouvoirs-pour-le-fils-d-idriss-d%C3%A9by)). Kabadi is unresolved.

The civic-freeze file is a force product. On 20 October 2022, the original 18-month mark after the dialogue extended the clock, security forces fired on banned protests. Prime Minister Saleh Kebzabo announced a provisional 50 dead and 300 injured and said forces acted in self-defence ([Al Jazeera](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/10/21/dozens-of-protesters-killed-in-chad-what-happened)). Amnesty recorded live ammunition and called for an immediate halt ([Amnesty](https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/10/tchad-la-repression-des-manifestations-doit-immediatement-cesser/)). Human Rights Watch recorded scores shot ([HRW](https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/26/chad-scores-protesters-shot-dead-wounded)). CNDH later reported at least 128 deaths. LTDH later reported a higher tally. Those instruments disagree. This page does not invent a unique integer. A 2023 amnesty law later closed prosecutions of the force file ([HRW](https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/12/14/chad-amnesty-law-cheats-victims)).

The opposition-removal file is a prosecutor product. On 28 February 2024 Oumar Mahamat Kedelaye announced that Yaya Dillo, president of the Parti socialiste sans frontières, had been killed in an exchange of fire after an alleged attack on the National State Security Agency ([Al Jazeera](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/29/chadian-opposition-leader-dies-in-gun-exchange-state-prosecutor-says)). Human Rights Watch recorded the killing at party headquarters and called for an independent investigation ([HRW](https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/03/01/chad-prominent-opposition-leader-killed)). Reuters later published forensic reviews of a photograph that five experts said was compatible with a contact wound, contesting the exchange-of-fire account. Extra-judicial execution is not stored as a unique conviction. Dillo is unresolved. This run does not mint him.

The poll file is official. On 9 May 2024 ANGE declared Mahamat winner with 61.3 percent against Succès Masra at 18.53 percent ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/chad-opposition-leader-masra-claims-victory-may-6-presidential-election-2024-05-09/)). On 16 May the Constitutional Council dismissed challenges and confirmed him ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/chads-constitutional-council-rejects-challenges-presidential-vote-provisional-2024-05-16/)). Masra is unresolved. A 16 May 2025 arrest and 9 August 2025 twenty-year sentence, later pardoned on 14 August 2026, are neighbouring civic-freeze instruments. They are not a rebate of 16 May 2024.

## Documented benefits

The offsets that a commissioned-positive portrait would lead with are real only where dated, and they are not this assignment’s through-line. Hosting Sudanese refugees after 15 April 2023 is neighbourhood. It is not a unique IDP integer and not a rebate of 20 April 2021. Chad is not an AES signatory.

## Contributions and limits of responsibility

He accepted the CMT title. He remained when the clock was extended. Security forces under the transition fired on 20 October 2022. The prosecutor announced Dillo’s death. ANGE and the Council wrote the 2024 confirmation. Sharing execution with a spokesman, a prime minister, or a council president is not a reason to drop 20 April 2021. It is a reason not to mint Kabadi, Masra, or Dillo.

## Causal chain through facts

The 2021 CMT title strengthens the owned hereditary-junta driver and weakens electoral integrity, [civic space](/drivers/civic-space), and transfer capacity. The 2022 crackdown and the 2024 Dillo announcement weaken civic space. The 2024 Council confirmation strengthens the owned driver and weakens electoral rotation. They do not hang on ukraine-war, nagorno-karabakh-war, eastern-drc-m23-rdf, [territorial-revisionism](/drivers/territorial-revisionism), or Soviet [state-repression](/drivers/state-repression).

## What the score does not say

This page does not promise an exact October 2022 census or a completed extra-judicial-execution conviction. Direction on this chain is negative: the documented instruments replace a speaker-led vacancy with a son, enforce an extended clock with live fire, leave a leading cousin dead before the ballot, and confirm a junta-organised poll. A later genuine contest would be a different fact with a different date.

## Dated facts

- 2024: Constitutional Council confirms Mahamat Déby winner of the 6 May presidential poll. https://factrail.ai/facts/td-deby-council-2024. Sources: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cz96ezdljl9o, https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/chads-constitutional-council-rejects-challenges-presidential-vote-provisional-2024-05-16/.
- 2024: Prosecutor announces Yaya Dillo killed during a security-force operation. https://factrail.ai/facts/td-deby-dillo-2024. Sources: https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/chad-opposition-figure-was-likely-shot-point-blank-range-experts-say-2024-04-08/, https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/chad-opposition-leader-yaya-dillo-killed-wednesday-prosecutor-says-2024-02-29/, https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/03/01/chad-prominent-opposition-leader-killed, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/29/chadian-opposition-leader-dies-in-gun-exchange-state-prosecutor-says.
- 2022: Security forces fire on protests against the two-year extension of the transition. https://factrail.ai/facts/td-deby-oct2022-crackdown. Sources: https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/10/20/chad-year-victims-await-justice, https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/26/chad-scores-protesters-shot-dead-wounded, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/10/tchad-la-repression-des-manifestations-doit-immediatement-cesser/, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/10/21/dozens-of-protesters-killed-in-chad-what-happened.
- 2021: Army names Mahamat Déby CMT president the day Idriss Déby dies. https://factrail.ai/facts/td-deby-cmt-2021. Sources: https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2025/country-chapters/chad, https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2023/country-chapters/chad, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56830510, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/20/chads-military-announces-new-interim-government-after-deby-death.

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/people/mahamat-idriss-deby