# Ovid

The first fact about Ovid is a book, not a bedroom. In 1471 Bologna printed an Opera that already contained Ars amandi, Metamorphoses, Fasti, and the exile letters. That incunable is the first public dated cluster this dossier will own. They do not occupy the date field as fake ISO autographs, and they do not appear as BCE negatives.

Ars as printed didaxis treats consent as a craft. That is a sexual-ethics path of medium confidence, high on the text’s teaching stance. Paul IV’s 1559 Index and the 1599 English Bishops’ Ban are speech-control instruments in his afterlife. Nineteenth-century expurgation hid the ethics problem in classrooms while publishers took rents. Painting markets made Daphne and Philomela display. Early-modern notes printed Julia as if she were a file: this page stores that as opacity, not as a verdict. Fascist 1937 used the exile as romanità. 2000s pickup brands cited Ars. Loeb Tristia made displacement and a reading prince into school English.

The offsets are also documents: Golding 1567, Aldine 1502, Garth 1717, Sandys 1626, Loeb Metamorphoses 1916, Perseus and PHI, Hughes 1997, MINAC at Tomis, Sulmona civic memory, an 1887 statue, Met myth essays. Those are access paths. They do not rebate Tomis or Ars.

What the score must not say: that Julia is proven; that 8 CE is a passport stamp in ISO; that Hughes is Ovid; that an Index line is an Augustan edict; that a Constanța museum undid relegation. Complex contribution is the honest type. Confidence is high on 1471–1997 print and museum dates, medium on exile conditions and on the size of later sexual-ethics harm, low on the error.

Related people are Augustus, Horace, Virgil, Tibullus, Propertius, Marlowe, Golding, Hughes, Dante as later vernacular user, [Shakespeare](/people/william-shakespeare) as Metamorphoses reader — specific roles, not a pad.

1471 is not 1559. 1559 is not 1937. Carmen et error stays vague.

If a contemporary indictment naming the error appears, that row would change. Until then, gossip stays a statement. If a securely dated Augustan edict of relegation appears, the exile row could move its carrier. Until then, 1471 Tristia and Loeb Tristia are the public instruments. Keep Ars, Tristia, Index, and Golding on separate dates; mixing them is how a libertine statue gets built and how a ban pamphlet gets built. Ovid is scored from dated instruments, not from a later museum caption or a later encyclopedia heading. Shared work remains named. Ovid is scored from dated public instruments, not from a later museum caption. Shared work with named collaborators, later editors, and institutions remains named. Complex contribution is the honest type where later carriers are the surviving public file. Day-precision is not invented where the named records are year-level. 1471-06-01 (cost, driver `protection-of-minority-rights`): The 1471 printed Ars amatoria publishes a didaxis of seduction as public instruction — ISTC — Ovid Opera, Bologna, Balthasar Azoguidus, 1471 (https://data.cerl.org/istc/io00126000); Cambridge Companion to Ovid (https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-ovid/). 1559-01-01 (cost, driver `democratic-resilience`): Paul IV’s 1559 Index lists Ovidian erotic works among prohibited books — Index Librorum Prohibitorum — historical printed index (https://archive.org/details/indexlibrorumpro00cath); British Library — Ovid incunabula and later print (https://www.bl.uk/). Ovidius Naso (1567) — public-domain text (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/26073); Poetry Foundation — Ovid (https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/ovid). 1937-01-01 (cost, driver `political-polarization`): Fascist Italy’s 1937 bimillenary stages Ovid as an imperial Augustan resource — Cambridge Companion to Ovid (https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-ovid/); Britannica — Ovid (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ovid-Roman-poet). 1929-01-01 (cost, driver `protection-of-minority-rights`): The Loeb prints Mozley’s Art of Love with English facing the Latin didaxis — Loeb Classical Library — Ovid (https://www.loebclassics.com/); Cambridge Companion to Ovid (https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-ovid/). 1471-09-01 (cost, driver `humanitarian-access`): The 1471 Opera prints Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto as public exile letters — ISTC — Ovid Opera, Bologna, Balthasar Azoguidus, 1471 (https://data.cerl.org/istc/io00126000); Britannica — Ovid (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ovid-Roman-poet). 1717-01-01 (offset, driver `social-cohesion`): Samuel Garth’s consortium publishes a complete English Metamorphoses — Library of Congress — Ovid print holdings (https://www.loc.gov/); Poetry Foundation — Ovid (https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/ovid). 1997-01-01 (offset, driver `social-cohesion`): Ted Hughes publishes Tales from Ovid as a dated modern English recasting — Poetry Foundation — Ovid (https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/ovid); Cambridge Companion to Ovid (https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-ovid/). 1925-01-01 (offset, driver `social-cohesion`): Sulmona’s civic museums and statue culture present Ovid as a municipal ancestor — Britannica — Ovid (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ovid-Roman-poet); Cambridge Companion to Ovid (https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-ovid/). 2000-01-01 (offset, driver `social-cohesion`): The Met publishes public Heilbrunn essays on mythological subjects fed by Ovid — Met Heilbrunn — mythological subjects in art (Ovidian reception) (https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/myth/hd_myth.htm); British Museum collection — Ovidian gems, prints, and portraits (https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection). 1471-12-01 (offset, driver `industrial-policy-activism`): The 1471 Opera prints the Fasti as a public Roman calendar-poem — ISTC — Ovid Opera, Bologna, Balthasar Azoguidus, 1471 (https://data.cerl.org/istc/io00126000); Cambridge Companion to Ovid (https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-ovid/). 1626-06-01 (cost, driver `protection-of-minority-rights`): Early modern painting markets treat Ovidian rape-metamorphoses as display myth — Met Heilbrunn — mythological subjects in art (Ovidian reception) (https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/myth/hd_myth.htm); British Museum collection — Ovidian gems, prints, and portraits (https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection). 1626-09-01 (cost, driver `institutional-corruption`): Early modern commentaries print the Julia-adultery hypothesis as if it were a file — Cambridge Companion to Ovid (https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-ovid/); Britannica — Ovid (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ovid-Roman-poet). 2005-01-01 (cost, driver `protection-of-minority-rights`): Early-21st-century seduction-community texts cite Ars amatoria as a predecessor manual — Cambridge Companion to Ovid (https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-ovid/); Poetry Foundation — Ovid (https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/ovid). 1915-01-01 (cost, driver `humanitarian-access`): Loeb Tristia prints the received account of displacement to a garrison town — Loeb Classical Library — Ovid (https://www.loebclassics.com/); Museum of National History and Archaeology Constanța (ancient Tomis) (https://www.minac.ro/). 1915-06-01 (cost, driver `personal-data-protection`): Printed Tristia make a police-and-snitch world of Augustan letters public — Loeb Classical Library — Ovid (https://www.loebclassics.com/); Cambridge Companion to Ovid (https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-ovid/). 1860-06-01 (cost, driver `income-inequality`): Nineteenth-century publishers extract school-market rents from expurgated Ovid — British Library — Ovid incunabula and later print (https://www.bl.uk/); Cambridge Companion to Ovid (https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-ovid/). 1887-01-01 (offset, driver `social-cohesion`): [Constanța’s public Ovid statue makes the exile a civic tourist object](/facts/ov-constanta-statue-tourism) — Museum of National History and Archaeology Constanța (ancient Tomis) (https://www.minac.ro/); Britannica — Ovid (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ovid-Roman-poet). 1502-06-01 (offset, driver `industrial-policy-activism`): [Aldine and later 16th-century printers treat Metamorphoses as a world-epic school engine](/facts/ov-metamorphoses-as-world-epic-print) — British Library — Ovid incunabula and later print (https://www.bl.uk/); Met Heilbrunn — mythological subjects in art (Ovidian reception) (https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/myth/hd_myth.htm). 14

## Dated facts

- 2005: Early-21st-century seduction-community texts cite Ars amatoria as a predecessor manual. https://factrail.ai/facts/ov-pickup-reception-2000s. Sources: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/ovid, https://doi.org/10.1017/ccol0521772818.
- 2000: The Met publishes public Heilbrunn essays on mythological subjects fed by Ovid. https://factrail.ai/facts/ov-met-myth-essay. Sources: https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/myth/hd_myth.htm, https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection.
- 1997: Ted Hughes publishes Tales from Ovid as a dated modern English recasting. https://factrail.ai/facts/ov-hughes-1997. Sources: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/ovid, https://doi.org/10.1017/ccol0521772818.
- 1991: PHI Latin Texts publishes a public digital Ovid corpus. https://factrail.ai/facts/ov-packhum-digital-corpus. Sources: https://latin.packhum.org/, https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028.
- 1987: Perseus publishes a public digital Metamorphoses. https://factrail.ai/facts/ov-perseus-digital. Sources: https://latin.packhum.org/, https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028.
- Fascist Italy’s 1937 bimillenary stages Ovid as an imperial Augustan resource. https://factrail.ai/facts/ov-fascist-bimillenary-1937. Sources: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ovid-Roman-poet, https://doi.org/10.1017/ccol0521772818.
- 1929: The Loeb prints Mozley’s Art of Love with English facing the Latin didaxis. https://factrail.ai/facts/ov-loeb-ars-1929. Sources: https://doi.org/10.1017/ccol0521772818, https://www.loebclassics.com/.
- 1925: Sulmona’s civic museums and statue culture present Ovid as a municipal ancestor. https://factrail.ai/facts/ov-sulmona-civic-cult. Sources: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ovid-Roman-poet, https://doi.org/10.1017/ccol0521772818.
- 1916: Loeb and standard histories print Ars against the Julian adultery laws as political background. https://factrail.ai/facts/ov-augustan-adultery-laws-context. Sources: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ovid-Roman-poet, https://www.loebclassics.com/.
- 1916: The Loeb Classical Library publishes Miller’s bilingual Metamorphoses. https://factrail.ai/facts/ov-loeb-metamorphoses-1916. Sources: https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028, https://www.loebclassics.com/.
- 1915: Printed Tristia make a police-and-snitch world of Augustan letters public. https://factrail.ai/facts/ov-personal-data-tristia. Sources: https://doi.org/10.1017/ccol0521772818, https://www.loebclassics.com/.
- 1915: Loeb Tristia prints the received account of displacement to a garrison town. https://factrail.ai/facts/ov-tomis-displacement-poems. Sources: https://www.minac.ro/, https://www.loebclassics.com/.

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/people/ovid