The Wave of Coups in Africa: Why Civilian Institutions Gave Way to the Military examines a 2020–2025 question through a documented timeline, competing explanations, and distributional effects. It keeps the dated record “Niger’s presidential guard carried out a coup and detained President Mohamed Bazoum” separate from the continuing Driver Coup Risk, then uses Clean elections index as a bounded welfare lens. The analysis states what the sources establish, what remains interpretive, and which observations would change the conclusion.