Yemeni religious and political leader of Ansar Allah, commonly known as the Houthis. Abd al-Malik al-Houthi heads the movement controlling Sana'a and much of northwestern Yemen and aligned with Iran while retaining its own command structure.
Sudanese general, armed-forces commander, and de facto head of state after Omar al-Bashir's fall. Abdel Fattah al-Burhan helped overthrow the civilian transition and has led the regular army in war against the Rapid Support Forces since April 2023.
Former Egyptian general serving as president since 2014. Abdel Fattah el-Sisi continued large infrastructure projects and regional diplomacy during 2020–2025 amid debt stress, inflation, military economic power, and severe restrictions on opposition.
Nigerien general and former presidential-guard commander who led the 26 July 2023 coup against Mohamed Bazoum. Abdourahamane Tchiani became head of a military transition and redirected the country's security and foreign partnerships.
Taliban co-founder, Doha negotiator, and deputy prime minister after the movement captured Kabul in 2021. Abdul Ghani Baradar helped negotiate the U.S. withdrawal agreement and became a leading economic and diplomatic representative of the regime.
King of Jordan since 1999 and commander-in-chief of its armed forces. During 2020–2025 Abdullah II balanced close U.S. ties, a peace treaty and difficult relations with Israel, Arab diplomacy, refugee pressures, and domestic economic and political strains.
