Sources & evidence

After the 2003 Rose Revolution, Georgia dismissed roughly 16,000 traffic and patrol police and digitized public services, cutting reported bribery in police encounters to about 1%.

high confidence · supported

Documented by a World Bank assessment and corroborating records cited in the dossier.

Georgia's CPI rose from a recorded low of 18 in 2003 to a peak of 58 in 2018, then eased to 53 in 2024 and 50 in 2025.

high confidence · supported

Anchor values match Transparency International's Georgia country profile and reported historical data.

Stronger, institutionalized anti-corruption enforcement raises perceived control of corruption and pushes CPI scores upward.

medium confidence · partially supported

The Factrail model links the enforcement-capacity driver to CPI; Georgia is the clearest measured case, but the global effect is diffuse, so confidence is medium.

Romania's DNA prosecuted senior officials between 2013 and 2018 with reported conviction rates above 90%, a campaign that ended with the contested removal of prosecutor Laura Codruța Kövesi.

medium confidence · needs review

Aggregate figures derive from politically contested reporting; the dossier flags the fact needs_review and the ECHR later found Kövesi's dismissal unlawful. No individual guilt is asserted.

Reform-driven integrity gains are reversible: the same institutions that produce them can be captured or dismantled when political will fades.

medium confidence · partially supported

Inferred from Romania's rollback and Georgia's recent CPI decline, both aligning with rising state-capture pressure in the Factrail model.

Ukraine created the independent National Anti-Corruption Bureau (NABU) in 2015 and made the ProZorro transparent e-procurement system mandatory in 2016.

high confidence · supported

Confirmed by the public record on NABU's founding decree and ProZorro's rollout, as cited in the dossier.