Russian Federation (state)

The Russian Federation is a sovereign state spanning Eastern Europe and northern Asia, the largest country in the world by land area, with its capital in Moscow. As a state it comprises executive, legislative, and judicial branches, with a presidency holding broad powers, a bicameral Federal Assembly, and a federal structure of regions, republics, and other constituent units. Russia is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and a major producer of energy and raw materials, and it maintains one of the world's largest militaries and nuclear arsenals. Its government conducts foreign, defense, economic, and domestic policy, and its actions—including the 2022 invasion of Ukraine—have been the subject of international sanctions, diplomatic responses, and legal proceedings before international bodies.