International Monetary Fund · imf.org
IMF working paper estimating global fossil-fuel subsidies at $7 trillion (about 7.1% of GDP) in 2022, with explicit subsidies of roughly $1.3 trillion and the remainder implicit externality costs. [Source URL needs manual verification before public launch.]
Cited by 2 materials across Factrail · last used Jun 2026.
IMF working paper estimating global fossil-fuel subsidies at $7 trillion (about 7.1% of GDP) in 2022, with explicit subsidies of roughly $1.3 trillion and the remainder implicit externality costs.
high confidence