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Loeb-era English Philo prints the order to set Gaius’s statue in the Jerusalem temple

English Philo, Embassy to Gaius, as served in public translations including the Yonge text, records the crisis in which Gaius ordered his image for the Jerusalem temple. The dated public English instrument is that translation tradition (Loeb Philo volumes from 1929). In the causal graph this event weakens Protection of Minority Rights, a driver that strengthens Having a say in government — a worsening welfare path.

Sources: [1][2]

Read the full account

English Philo, Embassy to Gaius, as served in public translations including the Yonge text, records the crisis in which Gaius ordered his image for the Jerusalem temple. The dated public English instrument is that translation tradition (Loeb Philo volumes from 1929).

Context

Petronius delayed. Gaius died. The statue did not stand. The attempt is still a dated persecution instrument in a surviving Jewish brief, stronger than Suetonius’s jokes because the victim community wrote it.

Caligula is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Caligula

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.4 · verified

    Princeps as named in later editions and objects. Historians, museums, and later states publish the instrument.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

    1. FactLoeb-era English Philo prints the order to set Gaius’s statue in the Jerusalem temple
    2. weakensDriverProtection of Minority Rights
    3. strengthensIndicators (2)Having a say in government
    Worsening path

    impact weight 0.55 · Effect from 1 January 1929 · verified

    • Having a say in government

      via Protection of Minority Rights

      Worse

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.25 (weight 0.55 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      29.8% of population aged 16-65 years · 8.13 below the normal line (2023)

      Worse than normal

      Two readings: 30.2% of population aged 16-65 years (2021) and 29.8% of population aged 16-65 years (2023).

      20212023

      Above normal = better

    • Rule of Law Gap from the Highest Governance Score

      via Protection of Minority Rights

      Worse

      Weakens · Relationship strength 0.25 (weight 0.55 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      43.9 Score · 43.9 above the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      26 readings, 1996–2024: rose from 43 Score to 43.9 Score.

      Normal is zero · any amount = worse

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Philo, Embassy to Gaius — Early Jewish Writings / YongeEarly Jewish Writings · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Britannica — CaligulaEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorCaligula
  2. contributed toFactLoeb-era English Philo prints the order to set Gaius’s statue in the Jerusalem temple
  3. weakensDriverProtection of Minority Rights
  4. strengthensIndicatorHaving a say in government

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). Loeb-era English Philo prints the order to set Gaius’s statue in the Jerusalem temple. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/cal-philo-embassy-statue

https://factrail.ai/facts/cal-philo-embassy-statue

Accessed 15 October 2026.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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