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Geological Observations on South America publishes Andes uplift and volcanic-earth as a dated energy-of-the-crust treatise

Geological Observations on South America published Andes uplift and volcanic-earth as a dated treatise. In the causal graph this event strengthens Energy Security, a driver that strengthens Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population) — a worsening welfare path.

Read the full account

Geological Observations on South America published Andes uplift and volcanic-earth as a dated treatise. The instrument is that crustal-energy book, not a later mining prospectus. Charles Darwin's documented role is: He wrote the South American geology. Lyell's principles sit in the background. He did not author earthquakes.

Context

Lyell is the named geological counterpart. Sharing unnamed porters of the Andes crossing is required.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

Why it matters

The welfare reading on this path is improving.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Charles Darwin

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.36 · verified

    He wrote the South American geology. Lyell's principles sit in the background. He did not author earthquakes.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

    1. FactGeological Observations on South America publishes Andes uplift and volcanic-earth as a dated energy-of-the-crust treatise
    2. strengthensDriverEnergy Security
    3. strengthensIndicators (4)Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
    Mixed path

    impact weight 0.3 · Effect from 1 January 1846 · verified

    • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)

      via Energy Security

      Worse

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.19 (weight 0.3 × strength 0.62)

      Observed

      10.4% · 10.2 above the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      7 readings, 2018–2024: fell from 11.1% to 10.4%.

      Above normal = worse

    • Inability to keep home adequately warm

      via Energy Security

      Better

      Weakens · Relationship strength 0.18 (weight 0.3 × strength 0.6)

      Observed

      7.97% of population aged 16 years or over · 5.2 above the normal line (2025)

      Worse than normal

      8 readings, 2018–2025: rose from 7.77% of population aged 16 years or over to 7.97% of population aged 16 years or over.

      Above normal = worse

    • Access to electricity (share of world population)

      via Energy Security

      Better

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.15 (weight 0.3 × strength 0.5)

      Observed

      91.6% of population · 8.4 below the normal line (2023)

      Worse than normal

      4 readings, 2020–2023: rose from 90.4% of population to 91.6% of population.

      Above normal = better

    All indicators on this path (4)

    • Life expectancy at birth

      via Energy Security

      Worse

      Weakens · Relationship strength 0.14 (weight 0.3 × strength 0.48)

      Observed

      80 Years · 2.3 below the normal line (2023)

      Worse than normal

      6 readings, 2018–2023: rose from 79.5 Years to 80 Years.

      Above normal = better

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Darwin Online — Beagle records neighbourhoodDarwin Online / University of Cambridge · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Britannica — Charles Darwin, delay of publication neighbourhoodEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Official locator: Darwin Online — Geological Observations on South America at https://darwin-online.org.uk/ (opens in a new tab) (Darwin Online / University of Cambridge). Independent locator: Britannica — Darwin, South American geology neighbourhood at https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Darwin (opens in a new tab) (Encyclopaedia Britannica). Official carrier: Darwin Online — Geological Observations on South America (https://darwin-online.org.uk/ (opens in a new tab); Darwin Online / University of Cambridge). Independent carrier: Britannica — Darwin, South American geology neighbourhood (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Darwin (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica).

Naming Charles Darwin does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from 1846-01-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorCharles Darwin
  2. contributed toFactGeological Observations on South America publishes Andes uplift and volcanic-earth as a dated energy-of-the-crust treatise
  3. strengthensDriverEnergy Security
  4. strengthensIndicatorPoverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). Dar Andes Geology. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/dar-andes-geology

https://factrail.ai/facts/dar-andes-geology

Accessed 16 October 2026.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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