Darwin's correspondence network with Hooker, Lyell, Gray, and unnamed observers is a dated open research file
Darwin's correspondence network with Hooker, Lyell, Asa Gray, and unnamed observers is a dated open research file. The instrument is that letter network, not a later digital archive as his unique 1856 website. In the causal graph this event strengthens Social Cohesion, a driver that strengthens Having a say in government — an improving welfare path.
Read the full account
Darwin's correspondence network with Hooker, Lyell, Asa Gray, and unnamed observers is a dated open research file. The instrument is that letter network, not a later digital archive as his unique 1856 website. Charles Darwin's documented role is: He wrote and received thousands of letters. Correspondents supplied facts. Later digital publication is not 1856 HTML he authored.
Context
Hooker, Lyell, and Gray are named counterparts. Sharing unnamed parish naturalists is required. The setting of Darwin's correspondence network with Hooker, Lyell, Gray, and unnamed observers is a dated open research file is the public file around 1856-01-01. Driver social-cohesion is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.
That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.
Why it matters
Improving path from Darwin's correspondence network with Hooker, Lyell, Gray, and unnamed observers is a dated open research file on 1856-01-01. The welfare reading on this path is improving.
Shared responsibility is part of Darwin's correspondence network with Hooker, Lyell, Gray, and unnamed observers is a dated open research file. Naming Charles Darwin does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from 1856-01-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.
Who was responsible
Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.
Charles Darwin
PersonDirect responsibility
responsibility level 0.44 · verified
He wrote and received thousands of letters. Correspondents supplied facts. Later digital publication is not 1856 HTML he authored.
What changed
Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.
- FactDarwin's correspondence network with Hooker, Lyell, Gray, and unnamed observers is a dated open research file
- strengthensDriverSocial Cohesion
- strengthensIndicators (2)Having a say in government
impact weight 0.4 · Effect from 1 January 1856 · verified
Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.18 (weight 0.4 × strength 0.45)
Observed
29.8% of population aged 16-65 years · 8.13 below the normal line (2023)
Worse than normalTwo readings: 30.2% of population aged 16-65 years (2021) and 29.8% of population aged 16-65 years (2023).
20212023 Above normal = better
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.18 (weight 0.4 × strength 0.45)
Observed
43.9 Score · 43.9 above the normal line (2024)
Worse than normal26 readings, 1996–2024: rose from 43 Score to 43.9 Score.
Normal is zero · any amount = worse
Evidence
The sources behind this fact and its verification state.
- 1.Britannica — Charles Darwin, delay of publication neighbourhoodEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
- 2.Darwin Correspondence Project — 1844 essay and delay neighbourhoodUniversity of Cambridge / Darwin Correspondence Project · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish
Official locator: Darwin Correspondence Project — about the letters at https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/ (opens in a new tab) (University of Cambridge / Darwin Correspondence Project). Independent locator: Britannica — Darwin, scientific correspondence neighbourhood at https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Darwin (opens in a new tab) (Encyclopaedia Britannica). Official carrier: Darwin Correspondence Project — about the letters (https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/ (opens in a new tab); University of Cambridge / Darwin Correspondence Project). Independent carrier: Britannica — Darwin, scientific correspondence neighbourhood (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Darwin (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica).
Established: a sourced public record of Darwin's correspondence network with Hooker, Lyell, Gray, and unnamed observers is a dated open research file under 1856-01-01 for Charles Darwin. Established: a sourced public record of Darwin's correspondence network with Hooker, Lyell, Gray, and unnamed observers is a dated open research file under 1856-01-01.
If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.
Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.
Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. The letters are the instrument. Mixed effects of Darwin's correspondence network with Hooker, Lyell, Gray, and unnamed observers is a dated open research file are separate paths.
Causal path
How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.
- ActorCharles Darwin
- contributed toFactDarwin's correspondence network with Hooker, Lyell, Gray, and unnamed observers is a dated open research file
- strengthensDriverSocial Cohesion
- strengthensIndicatorHaving a say in government
Cite this page
Factrail. (2026). Darwin's correspondence network with Hooker, Lyell, Gray, and unnamed observers is a dated open research file. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/dar-correspondence-network
https://factrail.ai/facts/dar-correspondence-network
Accessed 16 October 2026.
By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed
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