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The 1905 photoelectric paper is a dated public light-quantum file

In March 1905 Einstein's photoelectric paper was a public light-quantum file. The 1921 Nobel later cited this, not general relativity. In the causal graph this event strengthens the driver Industrial-Policy Activism.

Read the full account

In March 1905 Einstein's photoelectric paper was a public light-quantum file. The 1921 Nobel later cited this, not general relativity. Albert Einstein's documented role is: He published a light-quantum account of the photoelectric effect. Annalen der Physik printed; later Nobel cited this, not GR.

Context

Annalen der Physik is the journal. Sharing print with that journal is required. The setting of The 1905 photoelectric paper is a dated public light-quantum file is the public file around 1905-03-01. Contribution type is direct. Driver industrial-policy-activism is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

The contribution type is direct. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

Why it matters

Improving path from The 1905 photoelectric paper is a dated public light-quantum file on 1905-03-01. The welfare reading on this path is improving.

Shared responsibility is part of The 1905 photoelectric paper is a dated public light-quantum file. Naming Albert Einstein does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from 1905-03-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Albert Einstein

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.6 · verified

    He published a light-quantum account of the photoelectric effect. Annalen der Physik printed; later Nobel cited this, not GR.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

    1. FactThe 1905 photoelectric paper is a dated public light-quantum file
    2. strengthensDriverIndustrial-Policy Activism

    impact weight 0.5 · Effect from 1 March 1905 · verified

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Nobel Prize — Einstein 1921 biographical, photoelectric neighbourhoodNobel Foundation · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Einstein Papers Project — 1905 photoelectric paper as later public editionPrinceton University Press / EPP · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Official locator: Einstein Papers Project — 1905 photoelectric paper as later public edition at https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/ (opens in a new tab) (Princeton University Press / EPP). Independent locator: Nobel Prize — Einstein 1921 biographical, photoelectric neighbourhood at https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1921/einstein/biographical/ (opens in a new tab) (Nobel Foundation). Official carrier: Einstein Papers Project — 1905 photoelectric paper as later public edition (https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/ (opens in a new tab); Princeton University Press / EPP). Independent carrier: Nobel Prize — Einstein 1921 biographical, photoelectric neighbourhood (https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1921/einstein/biographical/ (opens in a new tab); Nobel Foundation).

Established: a sourced public record of The 1905 photoelectric paper is a dated public light-quantum file under 1905-03-01 for Albert Einstein. Established: a sourced public record of The 1905 photoelectric paper is a dated public light-quantum file under 1905-03-01.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Four instruments. Mixed effects of The 1905 photoelectric paper is a dated public light-quantum file are separate paths.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorAlbert Einstein
  2. contributed toFactThe 1905 photoelectric paper is a dated public light-quantum file
  3. strengthensDriverIndustrial-Policy Activism

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). The 1905 photoelectric paper is a dated public light-quantum file. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/ein-photoelectric-1905

https://factrail.ai/facts/ein-photoelectric-1905

Accessed 16 October 2026.

By the · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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