UNESCO Carthage interpretation prints a shared Punic past that includes the Barcid wars as civic memory
The 1979 listing’s public presentation makes Carthage a shared Tunisian-and-Mediterranean memory. In the causal graph this event strengthens Social Cohesion, a driver that strengthens Having a say in government — an improving welfare path.
Read the full account
The 1979 listing’s public presentation makes Carthage a shared Tunisian-and-Mediterranean memory. Modest cohesion path of medium confidence: a named general as later civic calendar, beside war harms.
Context
He did not open a 1979 site museum.
Hannibal is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.
Why it matters
Printed civic memory is not a 216 BCE triumph.
Who was responsible
Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.
Hannibal
PersonDirect responsibility
responsibility level 0.16 · verified
Named Carthaginian general as heading of later annalistic epic. Polybius, Livy, and later staff colleges publish the instrument.
What changed
Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.
- FactUNESCO Carthage interpretation prints a shared Punic past that includes the Barcid wars as civic memory
- strengthensDriverSocial Cohesion
- strengthensIndicators (2)Having a say in government
impact weight 0.25 · Effect from 1 June 1979 · verified
Printed civic memory is not a 216 BCE triumph.
Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.11 (weight 0.25 × strength 0.45)
Observed
29.8% of population aged 16-65 years · 8.13 below the normal line (2023)
Worse than normalTwo readings: 30.2% of population aged 16-65 years (2021) and 29.8% of population aged 16-65 years (2023).
20212023 Above normal = better
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.11 (weight 0.25 × strength 0.45)
Observed
43.9 Score · 43.9 above the normal line (2024)
Worse than normal26 readings, 1996–2024: rose from 43 Score to 43.9 Score.
Normal is zero · any amount = worse
Evidence
The sources behind this fact and its verification state.
- 1.Institut National du Patrimoine — TunisiaInstitut National du Patrimoine · High credibility · verified
- 2.UNESCO — Archaeological Site of CarthageUNESCO World Heritage Centre · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish
Not established: a unique Factrail-original body count, or a recovered 216 BCE civil-registry file.
Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here. Confidence is stated on the impact path.
Causal path
How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.
- ActorHannibal
- contributed toFactUNESCO Carthage interpretation prints a shared Punic past that includes the Barcid wars as civic memory
- strengthensDriverSocial Cohesion
- strengthensIndicatorHaving a say in government
Cite this page
Factrail. (2026). UNESCO Carthage interpretation prints a shared Punic past that includes the Barcid wars as civic memory. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/ha-social-cohesion-barcid-memory
https://factrail.ai/facts/ha-social-cohesion-barcid-memory
Accessed 16 October 2026.
By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed
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