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statementVerified

A citizenship law restricting descent is a completed civic-exclusion instrument

Printed exclusion of mixed-descent citizens. In the causal graph this event weakens Protection of Minority Rights, a driver that strengthens Having a say in government — a worsening welfare path.

Sources: [1][2]

Read the full account

Printed exclusion of mixed-descent citizens. Shared assembly. Not a unique 451 census. Pericles did not operate this later page as a civil-registry autograph.

Context

Shared institutions, unnamed crews, and later editors remain in the record and do not erase a documented heading.

Pericles Shared work with other named actors remains in the record.

Pericles’s documented role is bounded by other offices and collaborators named in the sources below.

Conventional c.495–429 BCE. Thucydides’ Funeral Oration is literary testimony, not a stenograph.

Why it matters

Shared assembly. Not a unique 451 census.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Pericles

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.4 · verified

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

    1. FactA citizenship law restricting descent is a completed civic-exclusion instrument
    2. weakensDriverProtection of Minority Rights
    3. strengthensIndicators (2)Having a say in government
    Worsening path

    impact weight 0.55 · Effect from 1 January 451 · verified

    Printed exclusion of mixed-descent citizens.

    • Having a say in government

      via Protection of Minority Rights

      Worse

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.25 (weight 0.55 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      29.8% of population aged 16-65 years · 8.13 below the normal line (2023)

      Worse than normal

      Two readings: 30.2% of population aged 16-65 years (2021) and 29.8% of population aged 16-65 years (2023).

      20212023

      Above normal = better

    • Rule of Law Gap from the Highest Governance Score

      via Protection of Minority Rights

      Worse

      Weakens · Relationship strength 0.25 (weight 0.55 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      43.9 Score · 43.9 above the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      26 readings, 1996–2024: rose from 43 Score to 43.9 Score.

      Normal is zero · any amount = worse

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Cambridge Companion to the Age of PericlesCambridge University Press · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Britannica — PericlesEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Pericles did not file a later UNESCO form, a later Loeb colophon, or a later museum label as a personal act.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorPericles
  2. contributed toFactA citizenship law restricting descent is a completed civic-exclusion instrument
  3. weakensDriverProtection of Minority Rights
  4. strengthensIndicatorHaving a say in government

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). A citizenship law restricting descent is a completed civic-exclusion instrument. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/per-citizenship-law

https://factrail.ai/facts/per-citizenship-law

Accessed 15 October 2026.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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