Pericles is deposed from the strategia and fined, then restored
In 430 BCE the Athenian demos deposed Pericles from the strategia and fined him, then restored him. The dated punishment is not the 429 plague death and not the Funeral Oration as later prose. In the causal graph this event strengthens Political Polarization, a driver that weakens Having a say in government — a worsening welfare path.
Read the full account
In 430 BCE the Athenian demos deposed Pericles from the strategia and fined him, then restored him. The dated punishment is not the 429 plague death and not the Funeral Oration as later prose. Pericles’s documented role is: After plague and invasion the demos fined and briefly deposed him, then re-elected him. Voters struck; he remained the policy’s face; he did not uniquely invent accountability. A fine is not a death. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear.
Context
Invaded fields, plague, and unnamed voters already structure the file. A fine is not unique authorship of the war. Later Plutarch’s sums are not a treasury tape. Named others on the file: The demos as punishers, unnamed fellow-strategoi, and later Thucydides as carrier share the heading. The public setting is the file around -0430-01-01. The instrument stays Pericles is deposed from the strategia and fined, then restored. The setting of Pericles is deposed from the strategia and fined, then restored is the public file around -0430-01-01. Driver political-polarization is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.
Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. A fine is not a death. Mixed effects of Pericles is deposed from the strategia and fined, then restored are separate paths.
Why it matters
Worsening polarisation path: a wartime popular punishment of the leading strategos. Complex shared vote. Welfare reading worsening. The attached mechanism is A dated popular punishment polarised wartime Athens around one strategos without ending his policy. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is worsening.
That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.
Who was responsible
Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.
Pericles
PersonDirect responsibility
responsibility level 0.32 · verified
After plague and invasion the demos fined and briefly deposed him, then re-elected him. Voters struck; he remained the policy’s face; he did not uniquely invent accountability.
What changed
Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.
- FactPericles is deposed from the strategia and fined, then restored
- strengthensDriverPolitical Polarization
- weakensIndicators (2)Having a say in government
impact weight 0.3 · Effect from 1 January 430 · verified
A dated popular punishment polarised wartime Athens around one strategos without ending his policy.
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.14 (weight 0.3 × strength 0.45)
Observed
29.8% of population aged 16-65 years · 8.13 below the normal line (2023)
Worse than normalTwo readings: 30.2% of population aged 16-65 years (2021) and 29.8% of population aged 16-65 years (2023).
20212023 Above normal = better
Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.14 (weight 0.3 × strength 0.45)
Observed
43.9 Score · 43.9 above the normal line (2024)
Worse than normal26 readings, 1996–2024: rose from 43 Score to 43.9 Score.
Normal is zero · any amount = worse
Evidence
The sources behind this fact and its verification state.
- 1.Perseus — Thucydides, HistoryPerseus Digital Library / Tufts · High credibility · verified
- 2.Britannica — PericlesEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish
Britannica and Thucydides independently date a 430 fine-and-deposition as distinct from 429 death. Official: Britannica — Pericles, deposition and fine 430 BCE (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pericles-Athenian-statesman (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent: Perseus — Thucydides, Pericles fined (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0200 (opens in a new tab); Perseus Digital Library). The two URLs are different pages. Where the carrier is a later edition or a received narrative, that limit is stated rather than upgraded to an autograph. Official carrier: Britannica — Pericles, deposition and fine 430 BCE (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pericles-Athenian-statesman (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Perseus — Thucydides, Pericles fined (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0200 (opens in a new tab); Perseus Digital Library).
Established: 430 deposition and fine, then restoration. Not established: a unique drachma total as a welfare series. Established: a sourced public record of Pericles is deposed from the strategia and fined, then restored under -0430-01-01.
Shared responsibility is part of Pericles is deposed from the strategia and fined, then restored. Naming Pericles does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from -0430-01-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.
If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.
Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.
Causal path
How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.
- ActorPericles
- contributed toFactPericles is deposed from the strategia and fined, then restored
- strengthensDriverPolitical Polarization
- weakensIndicatorHaving a say in government
Cite this page
Factrail. (2026). Pericles is deposed from the strategia and fined, then restored. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/per-fined-430
https://factrail.ai/facts/per-fined-430
Accessed 15 October 2026.
By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed
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