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Tenth Party Congress replaces requisition with a tax in kind (NEP)

On 15–21 March 1921 the Tenth Party Congress decided to replace prodrazvyorstka with a tax in kind, the opening of the New Economic Policy. In the causal graph this event strengthens Food-Supply Resilience, a driver that weakens Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population) — an improving welfare path.

Sources: [1][2]

Read the full account

On 15–21 March 1921 the Tenth Party Congress decided to replace prodrazvyorstka with a tax in kind, the opening of the New Economic Policy. Lenin’s April pamphlet defended the retreat. Private small trade and peasant marketing returned.

Context

This is a reversal of War Communism’s food core, not a liberal constitution. Ban on factions at the same congress is a separate repressive Fact.

Shared responsibility with other offices is part of the record. Sharing is not a reason to drop this person's documented role, and it is not a reason to treat every later consequence as their handwriting.

Why it matters

Direct contribution. High confidence on the policy change.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Vladimir Lenin

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.75 · verified

    Lenin imposed NEP after Kronstadt and famine warnings. The Congress adopted the tax in kind. Local soviets implemented it.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Britannica — New Economic PolicyEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Lenin, The Tax in Kind, 21 April 1921Marxists Internet Archive · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Congress resolutions and Lenin’s Tax in Kind are official. Britannica independently dates NEP. Harvest recovery in 1922–23 is in official and later reconstructions.

Later commission estimates are attributed to those commissions.

Established: the 1921 tax in kind opened NEP. Not established: that NEP was intended as a permanent private order.

Central files can show that an order was issued; they cannot reconstruct every locality's implementation. Memoir and literary evidence is independent texture, never the sole causal source. Official statistics of the period are treated as claims with known incentives. Later archival openings and museum publications are independent or successor-state records. The contribution is direct where this person signed, chaired, or issued the act, and remains bounded by other offices that had to act. Readers who want the welfare path should open the named driver rather than treating a portrait as the mechanism.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorVladimir Lenin
  2. contributed toFactTenth Party Congress replaces requisition with a tax in kind (NEP)
  3. strengthensDriverFood-Supply Resilience
  4. weakensIndicatorPoverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). Tenth Party Congress replaces requisition with a tax in kind (NEP). Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/ru-nep-1921

https://factrail.ai/facts/ru-nep-1921

Accessed 17 October 2026.

By the · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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