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The second voyage extracts tribute at Kilwa

In 1502 Gama’s second voyage forced tribute at Kilwa on the Swahili coast. The dated extraction is not the 1498 Mozambique clash and not the Calicut bombardment. In the causal graph this event weakens the driver Fiscal-Policy Sustainability.

The second voyage extracts tribute at Kilwa
Read the full account

In 1502 Gama’s second voyage forced tribute at Kilwa on the Swahili coast. The dated extraction is not the 1498 Mozambique clash and not the Calicut bombardment. Vasco da Gama’s documented role is: He forced Kilwa’s ruler into tribute and a padrão of submission. Local elites paid under guns; he commanded the demand. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear.

Context

A gold-exporting island, unnamed Portuguese guns, and a later Portuguese factory already structure the file. Tribute is not unique minting of Kilwa coin. Later colonial archaeology is not 1502. Named others on the file: The ruler of Kilwa, unnamed townspeople, and Portuguese gunners share the demand. The public setting is the file around 1502-07-01. The instrument stays The second voyage extracts tribute at Kilwa. The setting of The second voyage extracts tribute at Kilwa is the public file around 1502-07-01. Driver fiscal-policy-sustainability is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

Why it matters

Complex shared extraction. Welfare reading worsening. The attached mechanism is A dated Swahili tribute-taking put a fiscal extraction heading into the 1502 east-African file, distinct from Calicut bombardment. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is worsening.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Vasco da Gama

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.4 · verified

    He forced Kilwa’s ruler into tribute and a padrão of submission. Local elites paid under guns; he commanded the demand.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

    1. FactThe second voyage extracts tribute at Kilwa
    2. weakensDriverFiscal-Policy Sustainability

    impact weight 0.4 · Effect from 1 July 1502 · verified

    A dated Swahili tribute-taking put a fiscal extraction heading into the 1502 east-African file, distinct from Calicut bombardment.

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Livius — Kilwa, Portuguese tributeLivius.org · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Britannica — Vasco da GamaEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Britannica and Livius independently date a 1502 Kilwa tribute under Gama. Official: Britannica — Vasco da Gama, Kilwa 1502 (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vasco-da-Gama (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent: Livius — Kilwa, Portuguese tribute (https://www.livius.org/articles/place/kilwa/ (opens in a new tab); Livius.org). The two URLs are different pages. Where the carrier is a later edition or a received narrative, that limit is stated rather than upgraded to an autograph. Official carrier: Britannica — Vasco da Gama, Kilwa 1502 (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vasco-da-Gama (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Livius — Kilwa, Portuguese tribute (https://www.livius.org/articles/place/kilwa/ (opens in a new tab); Livius.org).

Established: 1502 Kilwa tribute heading. Not established: a unique gold-weight series. Established: a sourced public record of The second voyage extracts tribute at Kilwa under 1502-07-01.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Mixed effects of The second voyage extracts tribute at Kilwa are separate paths.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

Shared responsibility is part of The second voyage extracts tribute at Kilwa. Naming Vasco da Gama does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from 1502-07-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorVasco da Gama
  2. contributed toFactThe second voyage extracts tribute at Kilwa
  3. weakensDriverFiscal-Policy Sustainability

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). The second voyage extracts tribute at Kilwa. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/vdg-kilwa-1502

https://factrail.ai/facts/vdg-kilwa-1502

Accessed 16 October 2026.

By the · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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