European Commission

The European Commission is the executive arm of the European Union, based in Brussels. It is composed of a College of Commissioners, one nominated per member state, led by a President. The Commission holds the right of legislative initiative within the EU, drafting proposals that the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union then debate and adopt. In the environmental and climate domain, the Commission proposes directives and regulations, monitors member-state compliance with EU law, manages funding programmes, and represents the Union in international negotiations. It has put forward packages such as the European Green Deal and proposals on emissions reduction targets. Its directly attributable role is limited to proposing, implementing, and enforcing measures adopted through the EU's broader legislative process.