Official document

European Union: Commission Designates Six 'Gatekeepers' under Digital Markets Act

Library of Congress (Global Legal Monitor) · loc.gov

High reliabilityNeeds reviewPublished Sep 2023

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Reports the Commission's September 2023 designation of six gatekeepers (Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta, Microsoft) operating 22 core platform services. [Source URL needs manual verification before public launch.]

Referenced by Factrail

Cited by 2 materials across Factrail · last used Jun 2026.

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- Reports the Commission's September 2023 designation of six gatekeepers (Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta, Microsoft) operating 22 core platform services.
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