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Antony enters 44 BCE as consul with Caesar and uses the acta after the Ides

In 44 BCE Antony was consul with Caesar and, after 15 March, the surviving consul using Caesar’s acta. In the causal graph this event strengthens Political Polarization, a driver that weakens Having a say in government — a worsening welfare path.

Read the full account

In 44 BCE Antony was consul with Caesar and, after 15 March, the surviving consul using Caesar’s acta. The dated office is not the funeral oration and not the Lupercalia diadem. Mark Antony’s documented role is: He was Caesar’s consular colleague and, after the Ides, used Caesar’s papers as surviving consul. Dolabella later took the other chair; clerks shared the acta. Office and funeral are different instruments of 44. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear.

Context

A murdered colleague, a supposed memorandum-chest, and later Ciceronian charges of forgery already structure the file. Using acta is not unique authorship of every colonial grant. Named others on the file: Julius Caesar as murdered colleague, Dolabella, and unnamed keepers of papers share the office. The public setting is the file around -0044-01-01. The instrument stays Antony enters 44 BCE as consul with Caesar and uses the acta after the Ides. The setting of Antony enters 44 BCE as consul with Caesar and uses the acta after the Ides is the public file around -0044-01-01. Driver political-polarization is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

Why it matters

Worsening polarisation path: a surviving consulship built on a dead colleague’s papers. Complex received charges. Welfare reading worsening. The attached mechanism is A dated consulship-after-murder put control of Caesar’s papers into a polarising office, distinct from the funeral staging. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is worsening.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Mixed effects of Antony enters 44 BCE as consul with Caesar and uses the acta after the Ides are separate paths.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Mark Antony

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.4 · verified

    He was Caesar’s consular colleague and, after the Ides, used Caesar’s papers as surviving consul. Dolabella later took the other chair; clerks shared the acta.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

    1. FactAntony enters 44 BCE as consul with Caesar and uses the acta after the Ides
    2. strengthensDriverPolitical Polarization
    3. weakensIndicators (2)Having a say in government
    Worsening path

    impact weight 0.4 · Effect from 44 BCE · verified

    A dated consulship-after-murder put control of Caesar’s papers into a polarising office, distinct from the funeral staging.

    • Having a say in government

      via Political Polarization

      Worse

      Weakens · Relationship strength 0.18 (weight 0.4 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      29.8% of population aged 16-65 years · 8.13 below the normal line (2023)

      Worse than normal

      Two readings: 30.2% of population aged 16-65 years (2021) and 29.8% of population aged 16-65 years (2023).

      20212023

      Above normal = better

    • Rule of Law Gap from the Highest Governance Score

      via Political Polarization

      Worse

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.18 (weight 0.4 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      43.9 Score · 43.9 above the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      26 readings, 1996–2024: rose from 43 Score to 43.9 Score.

      Normal is zero · any amount = worse

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Perseus — Cicero, Philippics, Mutina contextPerseus Digital Library · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Britannica — Mark AntonyEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Britannica and the Philippics independently mark Antony’s 44 consulship and use of Caesar’s papers. Official: Britannica — Mark Antony, consul 44 BCE (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent: Perseus — Cicero, Philippics, consul of 44 (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0076 (opens in a new tab); Perseus Digital Library). The two URLs are different pages. Where the carrier is a later edition or a received narrative, that limit is stated rather than upgraded to an autograph. Official carrier: Britannica — Mark Antony, consul 44 BCE (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Perseus — Cicero, Philippics, consul of 44 (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0076 (opens in a new tab); Perseus Digital Library).

Established: Antony consul in 44 and user of Caesar’s acta. Not established: a unique recovered forgery-count. Established: a sourced public record of Antony enters 44 BCE as consul with Caesar and uses the acta after the Ides under -0044-01-01.

Shared responsibility is part of Antony enters 44 BCE as consul with Caesar and uses the acta after the Ides. Naming Mark Antony does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from -0044-01-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorMark Antony
  2. contributed toFactAntony enters 44 BCE as consul with Caesar and uses the acta after the Ides
  3. strengthensDriverPolitical Polarization
  4. weakensIndicatorHaving a say in government

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). Antony enters 44 BCE as consul with Caesar and uses the acta after the Ides. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/ant-consul-44

https://factrail.ai/facts/ant-consul-44

Accessed 16 October 2026.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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