The Pact of Misenum recognises Sextus Pompey in a three-way peace

In 39 BCE the Pact of Misenum brought Sextus Pompey into a recognised share, easing a grain blockade of Italy. The dated three-way peace is not Brundisium 40 and not Actium. Mark Antony’s documented role is: He joined Octavian in a treaty with Sextus Pompeius at Misenum. Grain blockade eased; the peace later broke; he did not uniquely author every clause. A 39 deal with Sextus is a third party. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear. Mark Antony's documented role is: He joined Octavian in a treaty with Sextus Pompeius at Misenum.

Context

Sicilian fleets, Italian hunger, and Octavian’s later bad faith already sit in the file. A pause is not unique perpetual grain security. Sharing with Sextus and Octavian is required. Named others on the file: Sextus Pompeius, Octavian, and unnamed grain merchants share the pact. The public setting is the file around -0039-01-01. The instrument stays The Pact of Misenum recognises Sextus Pompey in a three-way peace. The setting of The Pact of Misenum recognises Sextus Pompey in a three-way peace is the public file around -0039-01-01. Driver social-cohesion is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

Why it matters

Complex shared and later broken. Welfare reading improving. The attached mechanism is A dated 39 BCE naval-and-grain settlement paused a Sicilian blockade as a cohesion-and-food instrument. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is improving.

Shared responsibility is part of The Pact of Misenum recognises Sextus Pompey in a three-way peace. Naming Mark Antony does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from -0039-01-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.