English Dominican Summa prints II-II q.11 that relapsed heretics may be put to death
The English Dominican Fathers’ Summa, issued 1911–1922 and served at New Advent, prints II-II q.11 a.3: after two admonitions a heretic may be delivered to the secular arm to be put to death. In the causal graph this event weakens Protection of Minority Rights, a driver that strengthens Having a say in government — a worsening welfare path.
Read the full account
The English Dominican Fathers’ Summa, issued 1911–1922 and served at New Advent, prints II-II q.11 a.3: after two admonitions a heretic may be delivered to the secular arm to be put to death. The dated public English instrument is that translation. Aquinas did not type the 1920s HTML.
Context
The text distinguishes first offenders from the relapsed and assigns the killing to secular power. That split did not protect the condemned. Later papal and royal courts used the heading.
Thomas Aquinas is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.
Who was responsible
Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.
Thomas Aquinas
PersonDirect responsibility
responsibility level 0.44 · verified
Named Dominican master as heading of later editions and papal acts. Printers, popes, and editors publish the instrument.
What changed
Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.
- FactEnglish Dominican Summa prints II-II q.11 that relapsed heretics may be put to death
- weakensDriverProtection of Minority Rights
- strengthensIndicators (2)Having a say in government
impact weight 0.6 · Effect from 1 January 1920 · verified
Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.27 (weight 0.6 × strength 0.45)
Observed
29.8% of population aged 16-65 years · 8.13 below the normal line (2023)
Worse than normalTwo readings: 30.2% of population aged 16-65 years (2021) and 29.8% of population aged 16-65 years (2023).
20212023 Above normal = better
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.27 (weight 0.6 × strength 0.45)
Observed
43.9 Score · 43.9 above the normal line (2024)
Worse than normal26 readings, 1996–2024: rose from 43 Score to 43.9 Score.
Normal is zero · any amount = worse
Evidence
The sources behind this fact and its verification state.
- 1.Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy — AquinasStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy · High credibility · verified
- 2.Summa Theologiae II-II q.11 — HeresyNew Advent · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish
English Dominican Summa prints II-II q.11 that relapsed heretics may be put to death (1920-01-01). Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.
Causal path
How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.
- ActorThomas Aquinas
- contributed toFactEnglish Dominican Summa prints II-II q.11 that relapsed heretics may be put to death
- weakensDriverProtection of Minority Rights
- strengthensIndicatorHaving a say in government
Cite this page
Factrail. (2026). English Dominican Summa prints II-II q.11 that relapsed heretics may be put to death. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/aq-heresy-death-ii-ii-11
https://factrail.ai/facts/aq-heresy-death-ii-ii-11
Accessed 16 October 2026.
By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed
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