Library of Congress and allied public-domain scans make Bury-class Attila chapters freely readable
Public-domain later-Roman histories on Library of Congress and Internet Archive platforms put tribute and campaign chapters in free English. In the causal graph this event strengthens Digital Learning Access, a driver that weakens Learning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries) — an improving welfare path.
Read the full account
Public-domain later-Roman histories on Library of Congress and Internet Archive platforms put tribute and campaign chapters in free English. Attila did not deposit a 1923 book.
Context
Free Bury can spread both source-criticism and schoolbook terror.
Attila is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.
Why it matters
Public-domain campaign chapters are an education path. High confidence.
High confidence.
Who was responsible
Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.
Attila
PersonDirect responsibility
responsibility level 0.12 · verified
King of the Huns as received in Priscus, Jordanes, and later public heritage. Editors and states publish him.
What changed
Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.
- FactLibrary of Congress and allied public-domain scans make Bury-class Attila chapters freely readable
- strengthensDriverDigital Learning Access
- weakensIndicators (3)Learning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries)
impact weight 0.25 · Effect from 1 January 1923 · verified
Public-domain campaign chapters are an education path. High confidence.
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.1 (weight 0.25 × strength 0.4)
Observed
70% of 10-year-olds · 70 above the normal line (2022)
Worse than normalTwo readings: 57% of 10-year-olds (2019) and 70% of 10-year-olds (2022).
20192022 Above normal = worse
Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.09 (weight 0.25 × strength 0.35)
Observed
472 PISA score points · 28 below the normal line (2022)
Worse than normal7 readings, 2003–2022: fell from 499 PISA score points to 472 PISA score points.
Above normal = better
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.07 (weight 0.25 × strength 0.3)
Observed
11% of primary-school-age children · 11 above the normal line (2023)
Worse than normalAbove normal = worse
Evidence
The sources behind this fact and its verification state.
- 1.J. B. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire — Internet ArchiveInternet Archive · High credibility · verified
- 2.Library of CongressLibrary of Congress · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish
No fifth-century autograph file is claimed.
Established as a dated later public record of this tradition or site. Not established: a Hun headcount or a medical cause of death as original numbers.
Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here. Confidence is stated on the impact path.
Causal path
How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.
- ActorAttila
- contributed toFactLibrary of Congress and allied public-domain scans make Bury-class Attila chapters freely readable
- strengthensDriverDigital Learning Access
- weakensIndicatorLearning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries)
Cite this page
Factrail. (2026). Library of Congress and allied public-domain scans make Bury-class Attila chapters freely readable. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/at-loc-public-domain-histories
https://factrail.ai/facts/at-loc-public-domain-histories
Accessed 16 October 2026.
By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed
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