COP25 closes without resolving core carbon-market rules or a major increase in collective ambition
Dated 15 December 2019: COP25 closes without resolving core carbon-market rules or a major increase in collective ambition. In the causal graph this event weakens Climate crisis (civilizational warming bundle), a driver that strengthens Exposure to extreme temperature — an improving welfare path.
Who was responsible
Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.
No public contributors are listed for this fact.
What changed
Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.
- FactCOP25 closes without resolving core carbon-market rules or a major increase in collective ambition
- weakensDriverClimate crisis (civilizational warming bundle)
- strengthensIndicators (3)Exposure to extreme temperature
provisional weight · verified
Strengthens · 100% impact strength (driver → indicator)
Observed
11.7% of population · 11.7 above the normal line (2024)
Worse than normal7 readings, 2018–2024: rose from 5.66% of population to 11.7% of population.
Above normal = worse
Strengthens · 60% impact strength (driver → indicator)
Observed
32.9 micrograms per cubic metre (annual mean, population-weighted) · 27.9 above the normal line (2023)
Worse than normal3 readings, 2021–2023: fell from 33.2 micrograms per cubic metre (annual mean, population-weighted) to 32.9 micrograms per cubic metre (annual mean, population-weighted).
Above normal = worse
Strengthens · 50% impact strength (driver → indicator)
Observed
37.4 deaths per 1,000 live births · 12.4 above the normal line (2024)
Worse than normal7 readings, 2018–2024: fell from 40 deaths per 1,000 live births to 37.4 deaths per 1,000 live births.
Above normal = worse
Causal path
How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.
- FactCOP25 closes without resolving core carbon-market rules or a major increase in collective ambition
- weakensDriverClimate crisis (civilizational warming bundle)
- strengthensIndicatorExposure to extreme temperature
Cite this page
Factrail. (2026). COP25 closes without resolving core carbon-market rules or a major increase in collective ambition. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/cop25-closes-without-resolving-core-carbon-market-rules-2019
https://factrail.ai/facts/cop25-closes-without-resolving-core-carbon-market-rules-2019
Accessed 16 October 2026.
By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed
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