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Judith Beheading Holofernes is completed around 1599 as a public violence-and-tyrant painting

Dated 1 January 1599: Judith Beheading Holofernes is completed around 1599 as a public violence-and-tyrant painting. In the causal graph this event strengthens Protection of Minority Rights, a driver that strengthens Having a say in government — an improving welfare path.

Sources: [1][2]

Read the full account

Patrons share ownership.

Context

Cardsharps and early sacred works neighbour this.

Caravaggio’s documented role is bounded by other offices and collaborators named in the sources below.

Roman collector taste for violent sacred history; biblical apocrypha as elite display.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Caravaggio

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.4 · verified

    Named painter of Judith Beheading Holofernes. Patrons share circulation.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

    1. FactJudith Beheading Holofernes is completed around 1599 as a public violence-and-tyrant painting
    2. strengthensDriverProtection of Minority Rights
    3. strengthensIndicators (2)Having a say in government
    Improving path

    impact weight 0.45 · Effect from 1 January 1599 · verified

    • Having a say in government

      via Protection of Minority Rights

      Better

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.2 (weight 0.45 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      29.8% of population aged 16-65 years · 8.13 below the normal line (2023)

      Worse than normal

      Two readings: 30.2% of population aged 16-65 years (2021) and 29.8% of population aged 16-65 years (2023).

      20212023

      Above normal = better

    • Rule of Law Gap from the Highest Governance Score

      via Protection of Minority Rights

      Better

      Weakens · Relationship strength 0.2 (weight 0.45 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      43.9 Score · 43.9 above the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      26 readings, 1996–2024: rose from 43 Score to 43.9 Score.

      Normal is zero · any amount = worse

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Britannica — CaravaggioEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Met Heilbrunn — Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi) and His FollowersMetropolitan Museum of Art · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Britannica and Met narratives place Judith Beheading Holofernes at the end of the 1590s as Caravaggio’s dramatic tyrannicide image for Roman collectors.

Britannica and Met Heilbrunn independently discuss Judith Beheading Holofernes as a late-1590s Caravaggio.

Established: ~1599 Judith in the encyclopedia/museum narrative. Not established: day precision or every later attribution fight.

Caravaggio did not file a later UNESCO form, a later Loeb colophon, or a later museum label as a personal act. Year-level date. Year-level date.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorCaravaggio
  2. contributed toFactJudith Beheading Holofernes is completed around 1599 as a public violence-and-tyrant painting
  3. strengthensDriverProtection of Minority Rights
  4. strengthensIndicatorHaving a say in government

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). Judith Beheading Holofernes is completed around 1599 as a public violence-and-tyrant painting. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/cv-judith-holofernes-1599

https://factrail.ai/facts/cv-judith-holofernes-1599

Accessed 16 October 2026.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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