The Morgan Library concentrates multiple Gutenberg Bible copies as a public New York holding
The Morgan Library holds multiple Gutenberg Bible copies and presents them as public collection objects. This Fact stores that New York access cluster, not the Mainz press run. In the causal graph this event strengthens Digital Learning Access, a driver that weakens Learning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries) — an improving welfare path.
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The Morgan Library holds multiple Gutenberg Bible copies and presents them as public collection objects. This Fact stores that New York access cluster, not the Mainz press run.
Context
A banker library can be both oligarchic origin and later public door. Store access here; do not pretend the 1450s shop was a museum.
Johannes Gutenberg is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.
Why it matters
Access path. High confidence on the holding.
A marble hall is not a pressman. Labour is a worsening row.
Who was responsible
Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.
Johannes Gutenberg
PersonDirect responsibility
responsibility level 0.1 · verified
Complex: 1450s book; Morgan collecting and later public library access.
What changed
Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.
- FactThe Morgan Library concentrates multiple Gutenberg Bible copies as a public New York holding
- strengthensDriverDigital Learning Access
- weakensIndicators (3)Learning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries)
impact weight 0.55 · Effect from 1 January 1924 · verified
Concentrating copies in a public research library increased scholarly and visitor access, with the limit that a private fortune sat in the middle.
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.22 (weight 0.55 × strength 0.4)
Observed
70% of 10-year-olds · 70 above the normal line (2022)
Worse than normalTwo readings: 57% of 10-year-olds (2019) and 70% of 10-year-olds (2022).
20192022 Above normal = worse
Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.19 (weight 0.55 × strength 0.35)
Observed
472 PISA score points · 28 below the normal line (2022)
Worse than normal7 readings, 2003–2022: fell from 499 PISA score points to 472 PISA score points.
Above normal = better
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.17 (weight 0.55 × strength 0.3)
Observed
11% of primary-school-age children · 11 above the normal line (2023)
Worse than normalAbove normal = worse
Evidence
The sources behind this fact and its verification state.
- 1.Morgan Library — Gutenberg BibleThe Morgan Library & Museum · High credibility · verified
- 2.Britannica — Johannes GutenbergEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish
The Morgan’s Gutenberg Bible collection page and Britannica independently describe surviving copies as later public objects.
Established: Morgan Library Gutenberg Bible copies on public collection pages. Not established: that Morgan financed 1455 Mainz.
Causal path
How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.
- ActorJohannes Gutenberg
- contributed toFactThe Morgan Library concentrates multiple Gutenberg Bible copies as a public New York holding
- strengthensDriverDigital Learning Access
- weakensIndicatorLearning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries)
Cite this page
Factrail. (2026). The Morgan Library concentrates multiple Gutenberg Bible copies as a public New York holding. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/gut-morgan-copies
https://factrail.ai/facts/gut-morgan-copies
Accessed 16 October 2026.
By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed
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