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statementVerified

Loeb Italian years print a coalition of Italian peoples against Rome as a received check on one city’s hegemony

Low-confidence resilience heading: a general is not a democrat, but the received story is a coalition against one city’s dominance. In the causal graph this event strengthens Democratic Resilience, a driver that strengthens Having a say in government — an improving welfare path.

Sources: [1][2]

Read the full account

Livy/Polybius English of Capua and others joining Hannibal can be read as a failed check on Roman unipolarity. Low-confidence resilience heading: a general is not a democrat, but the received story is a coalition against one city’s dominance.

Context

Do write the anti-unipolar coalition as later told, with civilian costs on harm rows.

Hannibal is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

Why it matters

Printed Italian coalition is not a ballot.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Hannibal

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.2 · verified

    Named Carthaginian general as heading of later annalistic epic. Polybius, Livy, and later staff colleges publish the instrument.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

    1. FactLoeb Italian years print a coalition of Italian peoples against Rome as a received check on one city’s hegemony
    2. strengthensDriverDemocratic Resilience
    3. strengthensIndicators (3)Having a say in government
    Improving path

    impact weight 0.3 · Effect from 15 April 1922 · verified

    Printed Italian coalition is not a ballot.

    • Having a say in government

      via Democratic Resilience

      Better

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.21 (weight 0.3 × strength 0.7)

      Observed

      29.8% of population aged 16-65 years · 8.13 below the normal line (2023)

      Worse than normal

      Two readings: 30.2% of population aged 16-65 years (2021) and 29.8% of population aged 16-65 years (2023).

      20212023

      Above normal = better

    • Clean elections index

      via Democratic Resilience

      Better

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.14 (weight 0.3 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      0.53 score from 0 to 1 · 0.34 below the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      125 readings, 1900–2024: rose from 0.17 score from 0 to 1 to 0.53 score from 0 to 1.

      Above normal = better

    • WJP Rule of Law Index (global)

      via Democratic Resilience

      Better

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.14 (weight 0.3 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      0.55 index score (0-1) · 0.26 below the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      Above normal = better

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Livius.org — HannibalLivius.org / Jona Lendering · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Perseus — Polybius (English)Perseus Digital Library / Tufts · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Not established: a unique Factrail-original body count, or a recovered 216 BCE civil-registry file.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorHannibal
  2. contributed toFactLoeb Italian years print a coalition of Italian peoples against Rome as a received check on one city’s hegemony
  3. strengthensDriverDemocratic Resilience
  4. strengthensIndicatorHaving a say in government

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). Loeb Italian years print a coalition of Italian peoples against Rome as a received check on one city’s hegemony. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/ha-democratic-resilience-coalition

https://factrail.ai/facts/ha-democratic-resilience-coalition

Accessed 16 October 2026.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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