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statementVerified

Horace serves with Brutus at Philippi as received in later lives

Horace did not operate this later page as a civil-registry autograph. In the causal graph this event weakens Humanitarian Access, a driver that strengthens People Internally Displaced by Conflict and Violence (IDMC) — an improving welfare path.

Sources: [1][2]

Read the full account

Public Loeb/encyclopedia pages print a republican officer at Philippi. Civil-war killing is a humanitarian heading of medium confidence on unique personal acts. Horace did not operate this later page as a civil-registry autograph.

Context

Shared institutions, unnamed crews, and later editors remain in the record and do not erase a documented heading.

Horace Shared work with other named actors remains in the record.

Horace’s documented role is bounded by other offices and collaborators named in the sources below.

Conventional years are 65–8 BCE. Philippi, Maecenas, and the Carmen Saeculare are received chronology.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Horace

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.28 · verified

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Britannica — HoraceEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Loeb — Horace, Odes and EpodesHarvard University Press · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Horace did not file a later UNESCO form, a later Loeb colophon, or a later museum label as a personal act.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorHorace
  2. contributed toFactHorace serves with Brutus at Philippi as received in later lives
  3. weakensDriverHumanitarian Access
  4. strengthensIndicatorPeople Internally Displaced by Conflict and Violence (IDMC)

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). Horace serves with Brutus at Philippi as received in later lives. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/hor-philippi-brutus

https://factrail.ai/facts/hor-philippi-brutus

Accessed 16 October 2026.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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