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Munda in 45 BCE is the last major civil-war field in Spain as later dated

In 45 BCE Munda was the last major civil-war field in Spain. In the causal graph this event weakens Humanitarian Access, a driver that strengthens People Internally Displaced by Conflict and Violence (IDMC) — an improving welfare path.

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In 45 BCE Munda was the last major civil-war field in Spain. Julius Caesar's documented role is: He fought Gnaeus Pompey's remaining force. It was a killing; Spain was not quiet forever.

Context

Pompey's sons are the counterparts. Sharing the field with the legions is required. The setting of Munda in 45 BCE is the last major civil-war field in Spain as later dated is the public file around -0045-01-01. Driver humanitarian-access is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Mixed effects of Munda in 45 BCE is the last major civil-war field in Spain as later dated are separate paths.

Why it matters

Worsening path from Munda in 45 BCE is the last major civil-war field in Spain as later dated on -0045-01-01. The welfare reading on this path is worsening.

That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Julius Caesar

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.52 · verified

    He fought Gnaeus Pompey's remaining force. It was a killing; Spain was not quiet forever.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Livius — Caesar, careerLivius.org · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Britannica — Julius Caesar, pontifex maximusEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Official locator: Britannica — Caesar, Munda at https://www.britannica.com/biography/Julius-Caesar-Roman-ruler (opens in a new tab) (Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent locator: Livius — Munda at https://www.livius.org/articles/person/caesar/ (opens in a new tab) (Livius.org). Official carrier: Britannica — Caesar, Munda (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Julius-Caesar-Roman-ruler (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Livius — Munda (https://www.livius.org/articles/person/caesar/ (opens in a new tab); Livius.org).

Established: a sourced public record of Munda in 45 BCE is the last major civil-war field in Spain as later dated under -0045-01-01 for Julius Caesar. Established: a sourced public record of Munda in 45 BCE is the last major civil-war field in Spain as later dated under -0045-01-01.

Shared responsibility is part of Munda in 45 BCE is the last major civil-war field in Spain as later dated. Naming Julius Caesar does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from -0045-01-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorJulius Caesar
  2. contributed toFactMunda in 45 BCE is the last major civil-war field in Spain as later dated
  3. weakensDriverHumanitarian Access
  4. strengthensIndicatorPeople Internally Displaced by Conflict and Violence (IDMC)

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). Munda in 45 BCE is the last major civil-war field in Spain as later dated. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/juc-munda-45

https://factrail.ai/facts/juc-munda-45

Accessed 16 October 2026.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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