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CJEU imposes EUR 1 million per day penalty on Poland over Disciplinary Chamber (2021)

On 27 October 2021 the Court of Justice of the European Union ordered Poland to pay a periodic penalty of EUR 1 million per day for failing to comply with an earlier July 2021 order to suspend the Disciplinary Chamber of its Supreme Court, which the Court found lacked independence and threatened the rule of law within the EU.

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On 27 October 2021 the Court of Justice of the European Union ordered Poland to pay a periodic penalty of EUR 1 million per day for failing to comply with an earlier July 2021 order to suspend the Disciplinary Chamber of its Supreme Court, which the Court found lacked independence and threatened the rule of law within the EU. It was reported as the largest such penalty imposed on a member state.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Court of Justice of the European Union

    Organization

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.6 · verified

    The CJEU directly enforced EU rule-of-law standards by imposing the penalty, the strongest tool of supranational accountability pressure available short of fund suspension.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorCourt of Justice of the European Union
  2. contributed toFactCJEU imposes EUR 1 million per day penalty on Poland over Disciplinary Chamber (2021)
  3. strengthensDrivers (2)Supranational rule-of-law accountability pressure
  4. strengthensIndicatorJudicial constraints on the executive (V-Dem, global country mean)

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). CJEU imposes EUR 1 million per day penalty on Poland over Disciplinary Chamber (2021). Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/justice-cjeu-poland-1m-daily-penalty-2021

https://factrail.ai/facts/justice-cjeu-poland-1m-daily-penalty-2021

Accessed 16 October 2026.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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