Supranational rule-of-law accountability pressureInternational / legal accountability
0.65court rulingneeds reviewconfidence: medium
CJEU rules Poland's Constitutional Tribunal not independent (2025)
On December 18, 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that Poland's Constitutional Tribunal breached fundamental principles of EU law and could not be regarded as an independent and impartial tribunal. The court cited serious irregularities in the appointment of the tribunal's president and several judges, most installed under the former Law and Justice government, and faulted decisions asserting the supremacy of Poland's constitution over EU law. The tribunal itself rejected the ruling, prolonging the rule-of-law dispute even under a new Polish government.
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What happened
On December 18, 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that Poland's Constitutional Tribunal breached fundamental principles of EU law and could not be regarded as an independent and impartial tribunal. The court cited serious irregularities in the appointment of the tribunal's president and several judges, most installed under the former Law and Justice government, and faulted decisions asserting the supremacy of Poland's constitution over EU law. The tribunal itself rejected the ruling, prolonging the rule-of-law dispute even under a new Polish government.
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