Supranational rule-of-law accountability pressureInternational / legal accountability
policyneeds reviewconfidence: high
EU unlocks ~EUR 10 billion for Hungary after judicial-independence reform (2023)
On 13 December 2023 the European Commission found that Hungary's May 2023 judicial reform package (Act X of 2023) had addressed deficiencies in judicial independence, fulfilling the horizontal enabling condition under the EU Charter and making roughly EUR 10.2 billion in cohesion funds available; around EUR 21 billion remained locked under separate conditionality and budget measures. Civil-society monitors later warned of subsequent regression.
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What happened
On 13 December 2023 the European Commission found that Hungary's May 2023 judicial reform package (Act X of 2023) had addressed deficiencies in judicial independence, fulfilling the horizontal enabling condition under the EU Charter and making roughly EUR 10.2 billion in cohesion funds available; around EUR 21 billion remained locked under separate conditionality and budget measures. Civil-society monitors later warned of subsequent regression.
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