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The Hague Congress of 1872 splits the International; Marx's side expels Bakunin in a dated faction fight

Karl Marx's documented role is: He fought Bakunin for the Association. The setting of The Hague Congress of 1872 splits the International; Marx's side expels Bakunin in a dated faction fight is the public file around 1872-09-01. In the causal graph this event strengthens Political Polarization, a driver that weakens Having a say in government — a worsening welfare path.

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Karl Marx's documented role is: He fought Bakunin for the Association. Neither uniquely owned the workers. The split is the path.

Context

Bakunin and Jura federation. Sharing unnamed delegates is required. The setting of The Hague Congress of 1872 splits the International; Marx's side expels Bakunin in a dated faction fight is the public file around 1872-09-01. Driver political-polarization is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

Shared responsibility is part of The Hague Congress of 1872 splits the International; Marx's side expels Bakunin in a dated faction fight. Naming Karl Marx does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from 1872-09-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

Why it matters

Worsening path from The Hague Congress of 1872 splits the International; Marx's side expels Bakunin in a dated faction fight on 1872-09-01. A public International split is a polarisation path. The welfare reading on this path is worsening.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Karl Marx

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.44 · verified

    He fought Bakunin for the Association. Neither uniquely owned the workers. The split is the path.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

    1. FactThe Hague Congress of 1872 splits the International; Marx's side expels Bakunin in a dated faction fight
    2. strengthensDriverPolitical Polarization
    3. weakensIndicators (2)Having a say in government
    Worsening path

    impact weight 0.4 · Effect from 1 September 1872 · verified

    A public International split is a polarisation path.

    • Having a say in government

      via Political Polarization

      Worse

      Weakens · Relationship strength 0.18 (weight 0.4 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      29.8% of population aged 16-65 years · 8.13 below the normal line (2023)

      Worse than normal

      Two readings: 30.2% of population aged 16-65 years (2021) and 29.8% of population aged 16-65 years (2023).

      20212023

      Above normal = better

    • Rule of Law Gap from the Highest Governance Score

      via Political Polarization

      Worse

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.18 (weight 0.4 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      43.9 Score · 43.9 above the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      26 readings, 1996–2024: rose from 43 Score to 43.9 Score.

      Normal is zero · any amount = worse

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy — MarxInternet Encyclopedia of Philosophy · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Britannica — Karl Marx, Rheinische ZeitungEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Official locator: Britannica — First International, Hague 1872 at https://www.britannica.com/biography/Karl-Marx (opens in a new tab) (Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent locator: Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy — Marx at https://iep.utm.edu/marx/ (opens in a new tab) (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Official carrier: Britannica — First International, Hague 1872 (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Karl-Marx (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy — Marx (https://iep.utm.edu/marx/ (opens in a new tab); Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy).

Established: a sourced public record of The Hague Congress of 1872 splits the International; Marx's side expels Bakunin in a dated faction fight under 1872-09-01 for Karl Marx. Established: a sourced public record of The Hague Congress of 1872 splits the International; Marx's side expels Bakunin in a dated faction fight under 1872-09-01.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Mixed effects of The Hague Congress of 1872 splits the International; Marx's side expels Bakunin in a dated faction fight are separate paths.

That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorKarl Marx
  2. contributed toFactThe Hague Congress of 1872 splits the International; Marx's side expels Bakunin in a dated faction fight
  3. strengthensDriverPolitical Polarization
  4. weakensIndicatorHaving a say in government

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). The Hague Congress of 1872 splits the International; Marx's side expels Bakunin in a dated faction fight. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/mar-bakunin-split

https://factrail.ai/facts/mar-bakunin-split

Accessed 15 October 2026.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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