18 Brumaire overthrows the Directory as a dated coup
On 9–10 November 1799 Bonaparte overthrew the Directory (18 Brumaire). In the causal graph this event weakens Democratic Resilience, a driver that strengthens Having a say in government — a worsening welfare path.
Read the full account
On 9–10 November 1799 Bonaparte overthrew the Directory (18 Brumaire). Troops ended the councils. It is a coup, not an election. Napoleon's documented role is: He used troops to end the Directory. Sieyès planned; councils were driven out.
Context
Sieyès and Ducos share the plot. Sharing the coup with them is required. The setting of 18 Brumaire overthrows the Directory as a dated coup is the public file around 1799-11-09. Driver democratic-resilience is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.
That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.
Why it matters
Worsening path from 18 Brumaire overthrows the Directory as a dated coup on 1799-11-09. The welfare reading on this path is worsening.
Shared responsibility is part of 18 Brumaire overthrows the Directory as a dated coup. Naming Napoleon does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from 1799-11-09 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.
Who was responsible
Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.
Napoleon
PersonDirect responsibility
responsibility level 0.68 · verified
He used troops to end the Directory. Sieyès planned; councils were driven out.
What changed
Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.
- Fact18 Brumaire overthrows the Directory as a dated coup
- weakensDriverDemocratic Resilience
- strengthensIndicators (3)Having a say in government
impact weight 0.7 · Effect from 9 November 1799 · verified
Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.49 (weight 0.7 × strength 0.7)
Observed
29.8% of population aged 16-65 years · 8.13 below the normal line (2023)
Worse than normalTwo readings: 30.2% of population aged 16-65 years (2021) and 29.8% of population aged 16-65 years (2023).
20212023 Above normal = better
Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.32 (weight 0.7 × strength 0.45)
Observed
0.53 score from 0 to 1 · 0.34 below the normal line (2024)
Worse than normal125 readings, 1900–2024: rose from 0.17 score from 0 to 1 to 0.53 score from 0 to 1.
Above normal = better
Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.32 (weight 0.7 × strength 0.45)
Observed
0.55 index score (0-1) · 0.26 below the normal line (2024)
Worse than normalAbove normal = better
Evidence
The sources behind this fact and its verification state.
- 1.Fondation Napoléon — metric enforcement neighbourhoodFondation Napoléon · High credibility · verified
- 2.Britannica — Napoleon, metric system neighbourhoodEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish
Official locator: Britannica — Coup of 18–19 Brumaire at https://www.britannica.com/biography/Napoleon-I (opens in a new tab) (Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent locator: Fondation Napoléon — Brumaire at https://www.napoleon.org/en/ (opens in a new tab) (Fondation Napoléon). Official carrier: Britannica — Coup of 18–19 Brumaire (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Napoleon-I (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Fondation Napoléon — Brumaire (https://www.napoleon.org/en/ (opens in a new tab); Fondation Napoléon).
Established: a sourced public record of 18 Brumaire overthrows the Directory as a dated coup under 1799-11-09 for Napoleon. Established: a sourced public record of 18 Brumaire overthrows the Directory as a dated coup under 1799-11-09.
If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.
Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.
Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. The Consulate constitution is neighbouring. Mixed effects of 18 Brumaire overthrows the Directory as a dated coup are separate paths.
Causal path
How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.
- ActorNapoleon
- contributed toFact18 Brumaire overthrows the Directory as a dated coup
- weakensDriverDemocratic Resilience
- strengthensIndicatorHaving a say in government
Cite this page
Factrail. (2026). 18 Brumaire overthrows the Directory as a dated coup. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/nap-brumaire-1799
https://factrail.ai/facts/nap-brumaire-1799
Accessed 16 October 2026.
By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed
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