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The 1471 Opera prints Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto as public exile letters

The Bologna 1471 Opera includes Tristia and the Pontic letters, the received record of Augustan relegation to Tomis. In the causal graph this event weakens Humanitarian Access, a driver that strengthens People Internally Displaced by Conflict and Violence (IDMC) — an improving welfare path.

Sources: [1][2]

Read the full account

The Bologna 1471 Opera includes Tristia and the Pontic letters, the received record of Augustan relegation to Tomis. The dated carrier is that printing. Conventional exile sits in 8 CE and is not a fake ISO autograph here. Carmen et error remains disputed: not upgraded to a proven adultery with Julia.

Context

Print made the plea public. Confidence is high that the exile poems exist; medium on the unstated error.

Ovid is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

Why it matters

An exile book is not a travel brochure.

An exile book is not a travel brochure.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Ovid

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.32 · verified

    Dated act under Ovid as transmitted author or later named subject. Printers, censors, and museums share labour.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Britannica — OvidEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.ISTC — Ovid Opera, Bologna, Balthasar Azoguidus, 1471Consortium of European Research Libraries · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here. Confidence is stated on the impact path.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorOvid
  2. contributed toFactThe 1471 Opera prints Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto as public exile letters
  3. weakensDriverHumanitarian Access
  4. strengthensIndicatorPeople Internally Displaced by Conflict and Violence (IDMC)

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). The 1471 Opera prints Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto as public exile letters. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/ov-tristia-print-1471

https://factrail.ai/facts/ov-tristia-print-1471

Accessed 17 October 2026.

By the · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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