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eventVerified

Work begins on the Parthenon as a public temple on the Acropolis

The public setting is the file around -0447-01-01. The instrument stays Work begins on the Parthenon as a public temple on the Acropolis. In the causal graph this event strengthens Social Cohesion, a driver that strengthens Having a say in government — an improving welfare path.

Read the full account

In 447 BCE work began on the Parthenon. The dated temple-start is not the allied-tribute funding row and not the Funeral Oration as later Thucydides. Pericles’s documented role is: He backed a new Athena temple with Ictinus, Callicrates, and Phidias. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear. Pericles's documented role is: He backed a new Athena temple with Ictinus, Callicrates, and Phidias.

Context

Ictinus, Callicrates, Phidias, unnamed masons, and a burned-temple predecessor already sit in the file. A temple is not unique authorship of Athena. Later Elgin is not 447. Named others on the file: Ictinus, Callicrates, Phidias, and unnamed masons share the fabric. The public setting is the file around -0447-01-01. The instrument stays Work begins on the Parthenon as a public temple on the Acropolis. The setting of Work begins on the Parthenon as a public temple on the Acropolis is the public file around -0447-01-01. Driver social-cohesion is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

Why it matters

Complex shared architects. Welfare reading improving. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is improving.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Mixed effects of Work begins on the Parthenon as a public temple on the Acropolis are separate paths.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Pericles

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.48 · verified

    He backed a new Athena temple with Ictinus, Callicrates, and Phidias.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

    1. FactWork begins on the Parthenon as a public temple on the Acropolis
    2. strengthensDriverSocial Cohesion
    3. strengthensIndicators (2)Having a say in government
    Improving path

    impact weight 0.4 · Effect from 1 January 447 · verified

    • Having a say in government

      via Social Cohesion

      Better

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.18 (weight 0.4 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      29.8% of population aged 16-65 years · 8.13 below the normal line (2023)

      Worse than normal

      Two readings: 30.2% of population aged 16-65 years (2021) and 29.8% of population aged 16-65 years (2023).

      20212023

      Above normal = better

    • Rule of Law Gap from the Highest Governance Score

      via Social Cohesion

      Better

      Weakens · Relationship strength 0.18 (weight 0.4 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      43.9 Score · 43.9 above the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      26 readings, 1996–2024: rose from 43 Score to 43.9 Score.

      Normal is zero · any amount = worse

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Britannica — Parthenon, AthensEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Britannica — PericlesEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Britannica independently dates the Parthenon start as a public temple distinct from the tribute-cost row. Official: Britannica — Pericles, Parthenon (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pericles-Athenian-statesman (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent: Britannica — Parthenon, Athens (https://www.britannica.com/topic/Parthenon (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). The two URLs are different pages. Where the carrier is a later edition or a received narrative, that limit is stated rather than upgraded to an autograph. Official carrier: Britannica — Pericles, Parthenon (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pericles-Athenian-statesman (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Britannica — Parthenon, Athens (https://www.britannica.com/topic/Parthenon (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica).

Established: 447 Parthenon start. Established: a sourced public record of Work begins on the Parthenon as a public temple on the Acropolis under -0447-01-01.

Shared responsibility is part of Work begins on the Parthenon as a public temple on the Acropolis. Naming Pericles does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from -0447-01-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorPericles
  2. contributed toFactWork begins on the Parthenon as a public temple on the Acropolis
  3. strengthensDriverSocial Cohesion
  4. strengthensIndicatorHaving a say in government

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). Work begins on the Parthenon as a public temple on the Acropolis. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/per-parthenon-447

https://factrail.ai/facts/per-parthenon-447

Accessed 16 October 2026.

By the · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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