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Mnesicles begins the Propylaea as the Acropolis gateway under Pericles

In 437 BCE work began on the Propylaea, Mnesicles’ gateway to the Acropolis. The dated entrance is not the 447 Parthenon start and not the tribute-cost row. In the causal graph this event strengthens Social Cohesion, a driver that strengthens Having a say in government — an improving welfare path.

Read the full account

In 437 BCE work began on the Propylaea, Mnesicles’ gateway to the Acropolis. The dated entrance is not the 447 Parthenon start and not the tribute-cost row. Pericles’s documented role is: Mnesicles designed a monumental gateway begun in 437. Pericles’ building programme paid; unnamed masons built; the war interrupted. A gateway is not the temple. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear. Pericles's documented role is: Mnesicles designed a monumental gateway begun in 437.

Context

Unfinished wings, unnamed masons, and wartime interruption already sit in the file. A gate is not unique authorship of processions. Later explosion in 1687 is not 437. Named others on the file: Mnesicles as architect, unnamed masons, and the demos as payers share the gateway. The public setting is the file around -0437-06-01. The instrument stays Mnesicles begins the Propylaea as the Acropolis gateway under Pericles. The setting of Mnesicles begins the Propylaea as the Acropolis gateway under Pericles is the public file around -0437-06-01. Driver social-cohesion is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

Why it matters

Complex shared architect. Welfare reading improving. The attached mechanism is A dated civic gateway put a public processional entrance onto the Acropolis, distinct from the Parthenon temple. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is improving.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. A gateway is not the temple. Mixed effects of Mnesicles begins the Propylaea as the Acropolis gateway under Pericles are separate paths.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Pericles

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.36 · verified

    Mnesicles designed a monumental gateway begun in 437. Pericles’ building programme paid; unnamed masons built; the war interrupted.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

    1. FactMnesicles begins the Propylaea as the Acropolis gateway under Pericles
    2. strengthensDriverSocial Cohesion
    3. strengthensIndicators (2)Having a say in government
    Improving path

    impact weight 0.3 · Effect from 1 June 437 · verified

    A dated civic gateway put a public processional entrance onto the Acropolis, distinct from the Parthenon temple.

    • Having a say in government

      via Social Cohesion

      Better

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.14 (weight 0.3 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      29.8% of population aged 16-65 years · 8.13 below the normal line (2023)

      Worse than normal

      Two readings: 30.2% of population aged 16-65 years (2021) and 29.8% of population aged 16-65 years (2023).

      20212023

      Above normal = better

    • Rule of Law Gap from the Highest Governance Score

      via Social Cohesion

      Better

      Weakens · Relationship strength 0.14 (weight 0.3 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      43.9 Score · 43.9 above the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      26 readings, 1996–2024: rose from 43 Score to 43.9 Score.

      Normal is zero · any amount = worse

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Britannica — Propylaea, AthensEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Britannica — PericlesEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Britannica independently dates the Propylaea as a Periclean gateway distinct from the Parthenon. Official: Britannica — Pericles, Propylaea (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pericles-Athenian-statesman (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent: Britannica — Propylaea, Athens (https://www.britannica.com/topic/Propylaea (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). The two URLs are different pages. Where the carrier is a later edition or a received narrative, that limit is stated rather than upgraded to an autograph. Official carrier: Britannica — Pericles, Propylaea (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pericles-Athenian-statesman (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Britannica — Propylaea, Athens (https://www.britannica.com/topic/Propylaea (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica).

Established: 437 Propylaea start. Not established: that the Parthenon is this same building. Established: a sourced public record of Mnesicles begins the Propylaea as the Acropolis gateway under Pericles under -0437-06-01.

Shared responsibility is part of Mnesicles begins the Propylaea as the Acropolis gateway under Pericles. Naming Pericles does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from -0437-06-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorPericles
  2. contributed toFactMnesicles begins the Propylaea as the Acropolis gateway under Pericles
  3. strengthensDriverSocial Cohesion
  4. strengthensIndicatorHaving a say in government

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). Mnesicles begins the Propylaea as the Acropolis gateway under Pericles. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/per-propylaea-437

https://factrail.ai/facts/per-propylaea-437

Accessed 16 October 2026.

By the · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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