European Council endorses the first Brexit withdrawal agreement under Tusk
On 25 November 2018 leaders endorsed the Withdrawal Agreement Tusk had shepherded. Endorsement is a completed Council act, not Brexit itself. In the causal graph this event weakens Cost-of-Living Pressure, a driver that weakens Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) — a worsening welfare path.
Read the full account
On 25 November 2018 leaders endorsed the Withdrawal Agreement Tusk had shepherded. Parliament later rejected it in London. Endorsement is a completed Council act, not Brexit itself.
Who was responsible
Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.
Donald Tusk
PersonDirect responsibility
responsibility level 0.5 · verified
He chaired the EU-27. May still had to pass it in Westminster. She failed.
What changed
Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.
- FactEuropean Council endorses the first Brexit withdrawal agreement under Tusk
- weakensDriverCost-of-Living Pressure
- weakensIndicators (4)Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate)
impact weight 0.3 · Effect from 25 November 2018 · verified
An orderly withdrawal text can reduce transition-cost uncertainty relative to a no-deal, with later political collapse.
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.11 (weight 0.3 × strength 0.38)
Observed
4.79% of total labor force · 1.3 above the normal line (2025)
Worse than normal8 readings, 2018–2025: fell from 5.76% of total labor force to 4.79% of total labor force.
Above normal = worse
- Worse
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.09 (weight 0.3 × strength 0.31)
Observed
39.7% · 9.35 above the normal line (2024)
Worse than normal7 readings, 2018–2024: rose from 35.8% to 39.7%.
Above normal = worse
Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.09 (weight 0.3 × strength 0.3)
Observed
11% of primary-school-age children · 11 above the normal line (2023)
Worse than normalAbove normal = worse
All indicators on this path (4)
Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.09 (weight 0.3 × strength 0.3)
Observed
37.4 deaths per 1,000 live births · 12.4 above the normal line (2024)
Worse than normal7 readings, 2018–2024: fell from 40 deaths per 1,000 live births to 37.4 deaths per 1,000 live births.
Above normal = worse
Evidence
The sources behind this fact and its verification state.
- 1.Reuters — EU leaders endorse Brexit dealReuters · High credibility · verified
- 2.European Council endorses the Withdrawal AgreementEuropean Council · High credibility · verified
Causal path
How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.
- ActorDonald Tusk
- contributed toFactEuropean Council endorses the first Brexit withdrawal agreement under Tusk
- weakensDriverCost-of-Living Pressure
- weakensIndicatorUnemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate)
Cite this page
Factrail. (2026). European Council endorses the first Brexit withdrawal agreement under Tusk. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/pl-tusk-brexit-2018
https://factrail.ai/facts/pl-tusk-brexit-2018
Accessed 16 October 2026.
By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed
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