Public-domain English Sophocles enters cheap print and later Gutenberg
Jebb-adjacent and other public-domain English, now at Gutenberg, made the seven parlour and school English. In the causal graph this event strengthens Digital Learning Access, a driver that weakens Learning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries) — an improving welfare path.
Read the full account
Jebb-adjacent and other public-domain English, now at Gutenberg, made the seven parlour and school English.
Context
English spreads both OT pollution and Antigone’s speech.
Sophocles is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.
Why it matters
A Gutenberg Sophocles is not a 1912 Loeb apparatus.
Who was responsible
Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.
Sophocles
PersonDirect responsibility
responsibility level 0.24 · verified
Transmitted plays under his name plus later editors, actors, or states. Complex, not an autograph of 441.
What changed
Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.
- FactPublic-domain English Sophocles enters cheap print and later Gutenberg
- strengthensDriverDigital Learning Access
- weakensIndicators (3)Learning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries)
impact weight 0.4 · Effect from 1 January 1900 · verified
A Gutenberg Sophocles is not a 1912 Loeb apparatus.
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.16 (weight 0.4 × strength 0.4)
Observed
70% of 10-year-olds · 70 above the normal line (2022)
Worse than normalTwo readings: 57% of 10-year-olds (2019) and 70% of 10-year-olds (2022).
20192022 Above normal = worse
Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.14 (weight 0.4 × strength 0.35)
Observed
472 PISA score points · 28 below the normal line (2022)
Worse than normal7 readings, 2003–2022: fell from 499 PISA score points to 472 PISA score points.
Above normal = better
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.12 (weight 0.4 × strength 0.3)
Observed
11% of primary-school-age children · 11 above the normal line (2023)
Worse than normalAbove normal = worse
Evidence
The sources behind this fact and its verification state.
- 1.Sophocles tragedies — public-domain EnglishProject Gutenberg · High credibility · verified
- 2.Harvard / Loeb — Sophocles I (Ajax, Electra, Oedipus Tyrannus)Harvard University Press · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish
Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here. Confidence is stated on the impact path.
Causal path
How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.
- ActorSophocles
- contributed toFactPublic-domain English Sophocles enters cheap print and later Gutenberg
- strengthensDriverDigital Learning Access
- weakensIndicatorLearning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries)
Cite this page
Factrail. (2026). Public-domain English Sophocles enters cheap print and later Gutenberg. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/so-gutenberg-english
https://factrail.ai/facts/so-gutenberg-english
Accessed 16 October 2026.
By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed
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