Countries adopt Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity adopted the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework in Montreal on 19 December 2022. The agreement set four long-term goals and twenty-three targets for 2030 intended to halt and reverse biodiversity loss.

The framework called for effective conservation and management of at least 30 percent of terrestrial, inland-water, coastal and marine areas, with recognition of Indigenous and traditional territories and rights. It also addressed restoration, pollution, invasive species, business disclosure, subsidies and finance.

“Thirty by thirty” is a global target, not permission to displace communities or count any nominal protected boundary as effective conservation. Outcomes depend on ecological representation, connectivity, governance and resources. Countries must translate the framework into national strategies and report progress.

The text sought to mobilize at least 200 billion dollars a year from all sources for biodiversity by 2030 and increase international finance for developing countries. These are collective targets with multiple public and private components, not money deposited into one fund at adoption.

Convention records establish the negotiated language. The framework is not a legally enforceable treaty with automatic penalties, yet it provides an agreed policy architecture and monitoring process. This News item records adoption rather than claiming the targets were achieved; measured species, habitat and finance data must determine delivery over time.