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The Perusine War wrecks Italian towns in Antony’s absence

In 41–40 BCE the Perusine War, fought in Antony’s name by Lucius Antonius and Fulvia, ended in the starvation of Perusia. In the causal graph this event strengthens Forced-Displacement Scale, a driver that strengthens People Internally Displaced by Conflict and Violence (IDMC) — a worsening welfare path.

Read the full account

In 41–40 BCE the Perusine War, fought in Antony’s name by Lucius Antonius and Fulvia, ended in the starvation of Perusia. Mark Antony’s documented role is: His brother Lucius and wife Fulvia fought Octavian in Italy over veteran land; Antony was in the east. Perusia starved; he did not personally command the siege. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear.

Context

Veteran hunger, Octavian’s land confiscations, and an absent triumvir in the east already structure the file. Absence is not a reason to drop a war in his name; it is a reason to keep contribution complex. Named others on the file: Fulvia, Lucius Antonius, Octavian, and the people of Perusia share the war. The public setting is the file around -0041-02-01. The instrument stays The Perusine War wrecks Italian towns in Antony’s absence. The setting of The Perusine War wrecks Italian towns in Antony’s absence is the public file around -0041-02-01. Driver forced-displacement-scale is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

Why it matters

Complex because he was in the east. Welfare reading worsening. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is worsening.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Mark Antony

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.4 · verified

    His brother Lucius and wife Fulvia fought Octavian in Italy over veteran land; Antony was in the east. Perusia starved; he did not personally command the siege.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Livius — Perusia 41–40 BCELivius.org · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Britannica — Mark AntonyEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Britannica and Livius independently date the Perusine War as an Antonian Italian conflict distinct from a mere land list. Official: Britannica — Mark Antony, Perusine War (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent: Livius — Perusia 41–40 BCE (https://www.livius.org/articles/battle/perusia/ (opens in a new tab); Livius.org). The two URLs are different pages. Where the carrier is a later edition or a received narrative, that limit is stated rather than upgraded to an autograph. Official carrier: Britannica — Mark Antony, Perusine War (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Livius — Perusia 41–40 BCE (https://www.livius.org/articles/battle/perusia/ (opens in a new tab); Livius.org).

Established: Perusine War of 41–40 in Antony’s name. Not established: that he uniquely sat in the siege tower. Established: a sourced public record of The Perusine War wrecks Italian towns in Antony’s absence under -0041-02-01.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Mixed effects of The Perusine War wrecks Italian towns in Antony’s absence are separate paths.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

Shared responsibility is part of The Perusine War wrecks Italian towns in Antony’s absence. Naming Mark Antony does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from -0041-02-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorMark Antony
  2. contributed toFactThe Perusine War wrecks Italian towns in Antony’s absence
  3. strengthensDriverForced-Displacement Scale
  4. strengthensIndicatorPeople Internally Displaced by Conflict and Violence (IDMC)

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). The Perusine War wrecks Italian towns in Antony’s absence. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/ant-perusia-41

https://factrail.ai/facts/ant-perusia-41

Accessed 17 October 2026.

By the · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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