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Antony as tribune of the plebs flees to Caesar in 49 BCE

In 49 BCE Antony, tribune of the plebs, fled Rome to Caesar after the Senate’s treatment of the tribunes. In the causal graph this event strengthens Democratic Resilience, a driver that strengthens Having a say in government — an improving welfare path.

Read the full account

In 49 BCE Antony, tribune of the plebs, fled Rome to Caesar after the Senate’s treatment of the tribunes. The dated tribunician flight is not Pharsalus and not the 44 funeral. Mark Antony’s documented role is: He used tribunician protection for Caesar’s cause and fled the Senate’s violence to Caesar’s camp. Shared with Curio; he did not uniquely start the civil war. A 49 tribunate is not a 48 battle. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear.

Context

Caesar’s Commentaries, a colleague Curio, and Pompeian senators already structure the opening. A tribune’s body as sacrosanct heading is not unique authorship of the Rubicon. Later Shakespeare is not this act. Named others on the file: Gaius Scribonius Curio, Julius Caesar, and Pompeian consuls share the 49 opening. The public setting is the file around -0049-01-01. The instrument stays Antony as tribune of the plebs flees to Caesar in 49 BCE. The setting of Antony as tribune of the plebs flees to Caesar in 49 BCE is the public file around -0049-01-01. Driver democratic-resilience is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Why it matters

Complex received narrative. Welfare reading improving. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is improving.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.36 · verified

    He used tribunician protection for Caesar’s cause and fled the Senate’s violence to Caesar’s camp. Shared with Curio; he did not uniquely start the civil war.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

    1. FactAntony as tribune of the plebs flees to Caesar in 49 BCE
    2. strengthensDriverDemocratic Resilience
    3. strengthensIndicators (3)Having a say in government
    Improving path

    impact weight 0.35 · Effect from 49 BCE · verified

    • Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.24 (weight 0.35 × strength 0.7)

      Observed

      29.8% of population aged 16-65 years · 8.13 below the normal line (2023)

      Worse than normal

      Two readings: 30.2% of population aged 16-65 years (2021) and 29.8% of population aged 16-65 years (2023).

      20212023

      Above normal = better

    • Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.16 (weight 0.35 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      0.53 score from 0 to 1 · 0.34 below the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      125 readings, 1900–2024: rose from 0.17 score from 0 to 1 to 0.53 score from 0 to 1.

      Above normal = better

    • Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.16 (weight 0.35 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      0.55 index score (0-1) · 0.26 below the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      Above normal = better

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Britannica — Mark AntonyEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Perseus — Plutarch, AntonyPerseus Digital Library / Tufts · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Britannica and Plutarch independently date Antony’s 49 tribunician flight to Caesar. Official: Britannica — Mark Antony, tribune 50–49 BCE (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent: Perseus — Plutarch, Antony, tribunate and flight (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0007 (opens in a new tab); Perseus Digital Library). The two URLs are different pages. Where the carrier is a later edition or a received narrative, that limit is stated rather than upgraded to an autograph. Official carrier: Britannica — Mark Antony, tribune 50–49 BCE (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Perseus — Plutarch, Antony, tribunate and flight (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0007 (opens in a new tab); Perseus Digital Library).

Established: 49 tribunate and flight to Caesar. Established: a sourced public record of Antony as tribune of the plebs flees to Caesar in 49 BCE under -0049-01-01.

That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. A 49 tribunate is not a 48 battle. Mixed effects of Antony as tribune of the plebs flees to Caesar in 49 BCE are separate paths.

Shared responsibility is part of Antony as tribune of the plebs flees to Caesar in 49 BCE. Naming Mark Antony does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from -0049-01-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorMark Antony
  2. contributed toFactAntony as tribune of the plebs flees to Caesar in 49 BCE
  3. strengthensDriverDemocratic Resilience
  4. strengthensIndicatorHaving a say in government

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). Antony as tribune of the plebs flees to Caesar in 49 BCE. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/ant-tribune-49

https://factrail.ai/facts/ant-tribune-49

Accessed 16 October 2026.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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