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COP28 records unprecedented accredited fossil-fuel lobbying presence

Dated 1 December 2023: COP28 records unprecedented accredited fossil-fuel lobbying presence. In the causal graph this event weakens Fossil fuel phaseout struggle, a driver that strengthens Global CO2 emissions per capita — an improving welfare path.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

No public contributors are listed for this fact.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

    1. FactCOP28 records unprecedented accredited fossil-fuel lobbying presence
    2. weakensDriverFossil fuel phaseout struggle
    3. strengthensIndicators (3)Global CO2 emissions per capita
    Improving path

    provisional weight · verified

    • Global CO2 emissions per capita

      via Fossil fuel phaseout struggle

      Better

      Strengthens · 100% impact strength (driver → indicator)

      Observed

      4.73 tonnes CO2 per person per year · 2.43 above the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      Two readings: 4.71 tonnes CO2 per person per year (2023) and 4.73 tonnes CO2 per person per year (2024).

      20232024

      Above normal = worse

    • Population-weighted PM2.5 air pollution exposure (global)

      via Fossil fuel phaseout struggle

      Better

      Strengthens · 50% impact strength (driver → indicator)

      Observed

      32.9 micrograms per cubic metre (annual mean, population-weighted) · 27.9 above the normal line (2023)

      Worse than normal

      3 readings, 2021–2023: fell from 33.2 micrograms per cubic metre (annual mean, population-weighted) to 32.9 micrograms per cubic metre (annual mean, population-weighted).

      Above normal = worse

    • Renewable share of global electricity generation

      via Fossil fuel phaseout struggle

      Better

      Weakens · 50% impact strength (driver → indicator)

      Observed

      30% of electricity generation · 11 above the normal line (2023)

      Better than normal

      6 readings, 2000–2023: rose from 18.9% of electricity generation to 30% of electricity generation.

      Above normal = better

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. FactCOP28 records unprecedented accredited fossil-fuel lobbying presence
  2. weakensDriverFossil fuel phaseout struggle
  3. strengthensIndicatorGlobal CO2 emissions per capita

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). COP28 records unprecedented accredited fossil-fuel lobbying presence. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/cop28-accredits-record-fossil-fuel-lobby-presence-2023

https://factrail.ai/facts/cop28-accredits-record-fossil-fuel-lobby-presence-2023

Accessed 15 October 2026.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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